EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND TITANIUM FOLIAR APPLICATION ON OAT GROWTH

Vliv foliární aplikace hořčíku a titanu na růst ovsa

Nguyen-Van Phu, Tlustoš Pavel, Balík Jiří, Száková Jiřina

Souhrn

V nádobovém vegetačním experimentu byl sledován vliv individuální a směsné foliární aplikace hořčíku a titanu na růst ovsa a jeho chemické složení. V pokuse byly použity tři zeminy s rozdílnou přístupností hořčíku. Listová aplikace Mg a Ti jednotlivě a ve směsi neměla znatelný vliv na výnos ovsa pěstovaného na půdě s vysokým obsahem draslíku a s nízkým obsahem přístupného Mg jako byla zemina Přerov. Na půdách z Červeného Újezda a Suchdola byl zaznamenán pozitivní vliv listové aplikace Mg a směsi Mg+Ti na produkci biomasy ovsa. Tyto půdy měly vysoký obsah přístupného draslíku a hořčíku. V porovnání s kontrolními variantami vzrostla koncentrace Mg a chlorofylu v rostlinných tkáních po ošetření rostlin Mg a Mg+Ti.

Mg deficiency is widespread phenomenon in Europe and other countries, especially, in the acid soils and in soils with high available potassium, because of antagonistic effect between Mg2+ and K+. Thus, Mg supply to maintain and improve crop yield is necessary but application of Mg to the soil might be failure because of antagonistic relationship between Mg2+ and K+, in the soil with high available magnesium. Matula et al. (1996) showed that application of Mg to the soil might not be successful unless soil available K content is not optimized.

Materials and methods

The pot experiment was done at Agronomy Faculty of CUA Prague. Přerov, Suchdol and Č.Újezd soils continuing from 60.5 mg.kg-1 to 164 mg.kg-1 of available Mg were used in our experiment. The foliar applications were made twice in stages of intensive development of oat in the morning, duration between foliar applications were two weeks. Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4.7H2O) was applied singly and mixed in concentration of 0.2% Mg and Ti citrate was used in concentration 10 mg.l-1, 30 ml of solution was sprayed per pot. The oat leaves were taken one week after the second foliar application to measure the chlorophyll content. Fresh biomass and dry weight were determined to get information about the effect of Mg and Ti foliar application on oat yield. The contents of Mg, Ti and other elements in oat biomass were determined to investigate efficiency of foliar applications. All treatments were uniformly fertilized by NPK.

Results

Yield

From results of pot experiment and use of statistical analysis we have recognized that:

There are not significant differences in dry matter in both of Ti, Mg single and mixture treatments on the Přerov soil. On Suchdol soil, the highest yields and significant differences compared with control were gained in treatments of Mg and Mg+Ti foliar application, an increase of 33.4% in Mg foliar application and 32.8% in Mg+Ti treatment compared to control one. The similar results were got on Červený Újezd soil. The highest dry matter was in the case of Mg treatment, 49.5g per pot and 49.5g per pot in Ti+Mg foliar application compared with control (46.0g), i.e. an increase of 7.6%. The foliar applications of single Ti did not affect the oat yields (fig. 1).

The element content

Relationship between nutrient uptake, biomass and supply of nutrients has been mentioned in many papers. The content of some elements is presented in fig. 2, with use of statistic analysis for evaluation. We have shown that:

There are significant differences in Mg content between foliar application treatments and controls on all soils. The highest contents are gained in treatments of Mg and Mg+Ti foliar application; increase of 27.3%, was determined on Přerov soil, increase of 16.9% on Suchdol soil, and increase of 22.7% on Červený Újezd soil.

Chlorophyll content

There are significant differences in chlorophyll content among foliar application both single and mixed Mg and Ti as compared to controls (without foliar applications) on all tested soils. The highest chlorophyll contents are usually gained in foliar applications of Mg or Mg+Ti. A significantly difference is not observed between Mg and Mg+Ti foliar applications as well as other parameters. On Přerov soil, increase of 85.5% in Mg treatment and of 62.4% in Mg+Ti treatment were determined compared to control one. The similar results were found on Suchdol and Č. Újezd soils. The significant differences in chlorophyll content between control and Ti treatment are observed on Přerov and Suchdol soils but this result is not found on Č. Újezd soil (fig. 3).

Nitrogen content

Statistical analysis did not show the significant differences between foliar applications and controls on both Ti, Mg applied singly and mixed with Ti. Nitrogen total content is significantly different on soils. The uptake of Mg from the foliar application is independent on nitrogen uptake. Thus, foliar applications of Mg and Ti did not effect protein biosynthesis and nitrogen content in the plants because Mg and Ti are not related to protein structures (fig. 4).

Discussion and conclusion

The efficiency of foliar applications of Mg both single and mixed with Ti are dependent on magnesium and potassium contents in the soil. Foliar applications of Mg and Ti both single and mixed do not significantly effect the oat growth and yield on soils of high potassium availability and low magnesium availability. The similar results were found by Balík et al. (1998) and Yang-Yuen et al. (1998).

The foliar applications with Mg and Mg mixed with Ti have significant effects on oat growth and development and increase oat yield on soils with high magnesium and potassium availabilities

The foliar applications of Mg and Mg mixture with Ti fortify chlorophyll synthesis and increase chlorophyll content in the plants. This result is similar with the result of experiment published by Cígler et al. (1999).

References mentioned in the paper are available from authors.

1. The yield of dry matter of oat biomass (g per pot)

2. The content of magnesium (%) in oat biomass

3. The content of chlorophyll (mg.kg-1) in oat biomass

4. The content of nitrogen (%) in oat biomass