Summary AGRO, No. 3/2004

Calendar of plant protection for March, April (Gall)

Perennial wheat is mostly in the stage of tillering and it is necessary to manure weaker stands as soon as possible. In case of need it will be necessary to support tillering by application of the plant-growth stimulant. It is important to treat weedy areas soon and to select the amount of the herbicide according to the size of weed. On early sown and closed stand it is important to check the distribution of disease.

The most considerable potato weed (Čepl)

Weed is a very important noxious agent for potatoes. In dependence on thegeneric spectra and intensity of occurrence it has negative influence especially on yielding capacity of bulbs. The weed competes with the potato herbage in the aspects of all growth conditions and development. At lower and middle weed infestation the weed cuts the yields at least about 2030%, but high weed infestation declines the yields for about 85%.

Possibilities of weed regulation in the sun-flower (Mikulka)

Among weed starting to take up a significant position in the sun-flower, there are some thermophilic sorts, that are not repressed by spring works, because generally they have later growing season. There are many of them, but henceforth also traditional weed keeps its position in the sun-flower.

Possibilities of weed regulation in the growth of poppy (Cihlář)

Successful regulation of weed infestationin the growth ofpoppyis a fundamental condition for the achievement of floricultural success. While the crop-spraying before the growth has emerged, it is necessary to consider the soil type, pH, expected spectrum of weedetc. We can choose from many registered herbicides to protectthe poppy growth.

Systems of soil management with the incorporation of fallow and their influence over weed phytocoenoses (Brant)

Land area converted into the fallow has grown in the last years in the Czech Republic.This trend is caused by taking advantage of the endowment titles of the Department of Agriculture, that belong among the provisions preparing our agriculture to join the European Union. The growth of weed upon this soil depends on a lot of factors. It is possible to influence most of them by agriculturalistic interventions.

Most important lawn diseases, current data and perspective possibilities of protection and prevention (Cagaš)

The lawn is a phytocoenosis of several kinds of graminoids and the schedule of its upkeeping is not similar to the one used in grazing industry. The first-rate lawn for sports purposes must fulfill not only the utility value criteria, but also aesthetic criteria. If the lawn is harmedin consequence of disease occurrence, in some case by a pest, it cannot fulfill the posed criteria.

Diseases and soya pests (Mižík)

In the year 2003 the increase of soya fields led to the increase of a number of animal pests on this crop-plant. They are mostly the species living on the wide range of herbage. Their harmfullness wasn't mostly economically significant. Locally they caused signifacant loss of the leaf area. Pod damage was insignificant and it mostly escaped the attention of producers. Page

Poppy protection against some insect pests (Rotrekl)

The poppy is a crop-plant that is traditionally grownin the Czech Republic and its area has been distinctivelly extendedin the last years. Beside agriculturalistic problems and the course of weather conditions, also insect pests cause yield losses. Newly, Timaspis papaveris has appeared to be a significant pest.

Smaller incidence of poppy pests (Muška)

While monitoring the pests in poppy one shouldn´t limit oneself only to mostly known pests such asAphis fabae, Stenocarus ruficornis and Neoglacianus maculaalba. With the increased area of the poppy production one can anticipate also the increased meaningof Timaspis papaveris, Aylax papaveris, Dasyneura papaveris, Calocoris norvegicus, Thrips, Autographa gamma, Tetranychus urticae, Otiorrhynchus ligustici, Deroceras rage, Tylenchus pratensis.

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera a new maize pest (Březíková)

Diabrotica virgifera virgifera originates from the USA. In the USA it belongs among very serious maize pests. It might have been imported to Europe by air transport at the beginning of the 90s. It has successfully and relatively quickly spread to the surrounding countries from this pest focus. Presently its occurrence was recorded in14 European countries including the Czech Republic.

Bud and peel leaf rollers doing harm to stone-fruit (Kocourek)

In the system of conventional protection the harmful sorts of bud and peel leaf rollers were reduced by wide-spectrum insecticides, that were usedfor the protection against apple leaf rollers and other insect pests. From the group of peel leaf rollers in our country there are Adoxophyes orana, Archips podana and Pandemis heparana. From the group of peel leaf rollers there are Hedya nubiferanaand Spilonota ocellana.

Obligatory public notice and the bee protection(Talich)

Bees havea significant position in nature. They are responsible for the seeds production at entomophilous herbage. Only intensive bee flower visits allow the broughtover of pollen, resulting in semination of the ovule, and thereby the origin of the basis for a new plant. Therefore it is necessary to assure that anyof the human actions have not negative influence over bees.

Fertilization by nitrogen in precise soil management (Šilha)

Mineral fertilisers will be used for preservation of agricultural production all over the world, nevertheless the pressure of ecologicallythinking public and economic conditions demand an improvement in more effective use of these fertilizers. Step by step, new technologies exploiting the benefitsof GPS and GIS are spread to the countries where these technologies meet suitable conditions, and thus also to the Czech Republic.

Varieties of spring barley according to its malting quality (Psota)

The structure of barley varieties in the Czech fields has been changed step by step on behalf of foreign varieties, that are required by foreign purchasers of malt. The changeinthe structure of barley varieties has been reflected in the shift of variety quality towards the varieties with the quick seed extractibility,with the tendency to deep fermentation.

Selection of sugar beet varieties (Serb)

To choose a suitable variety is a fundamental prerequisite of a successful production. Unlike with the other crop-plants, the sugar beet has an elaborate system of checking, selection and recommendation. Only the varietythat was checked for three years and has proved its required utility value and fulfilled very strict criteria of stability, equanimity and distinctness, might be registred.

Current varieties of fibre and oleiferous flax (Bjelkova)

Placing fibre and oleiferousflax among contemporary agricultural crop-plants enables the assortment enlargement and the improvement of earth quality. First-rate seed for sowingwith good economic and biological quality is the basis for good harvest. Current varieties offibre and oleiferousflax are one of the possibilities how to enlarge a sublayer of economic effectiveness in the vegetable production.

First-rate hop seedlings (Štranc)

Success at a new hop-garden establishment depends on a lot of factors. Primarily, it is important to choose a piece of land with favourable qualities. Next, soil preparation and fertilization should be concerned, and also the quality of seedlings. Biological quality of hop seedlings is reflected after their outplanting in fast rooting, sprouting, germination and intensive growth.

Seed for sowing and sugar beet field foundation (Pulkrábek)

Sugar beet variety, its seed for sowing and a quality of sowing are the basic prerequisite for the complete sugar beet foundation. They all are responsible for the increase in sugar beet yield. It is also necessary to manage further technical andagrochemical steps.

Basic information about mustard (Vašák)

Sarepet, Abyssinian and White mustard have become a demonstration of intensive cultivation of oil plants. The amount of eruc acidandglucosinolate i.e. mustard volatile oils that make mustard the mustard. Thanksto glukosinolate, different kinds of mustard can be used for protection against pests and diseases.

Establishment of soya stands (Podrábský)

In the Czech Republic there were only five varieties of soya registered at the end of the year 2003. The assortment of early-ripening varieties will be enriched with the entering of the Czech Republic to the European union. However, for our conditions it will be necessary to limit the selection on the earliest-ripening varieties. Regionalisation of soyain the Czech Republic recorded the shiftfrom the warmestbut dry floricultural regions to the places better supplied by water. Some very early-ripening and cold resistant varieties are grown even in the hight of 500 meters above sea level.

Cultivation of new potatoes under non-wovens (Hamouz)

Producers of new potatoes in traditionalnew potato regions in the Czech Republichave always tried to apply their production in the marketplace as soon as possible, to catch top prices at the beginning of the harvest season and to place some vegetables after the potatoes. Therefore they use all regulations to support early-ripening, pregerminated seedlings, early outplanting in dense plantation spacing and irrigation. Beside these regulations non-wovens have been used in recent times.

Possibilities of spring application of ATONIK in the caraway root herbage (Vaculík)

Since the year 2000 a plant stimulatorATONIK has been tested in the field registration and semiindustrial trials. The mentioned preparation has been applied to experimental parcels in the period closely before infancy prolongation growth or in the period closely before flowerage, or during both periods at the same time. Tested preparation was applied in doses 0,6 l.hah 1 in a combination with herbicide or insecticide and was compared to default curing compounds.

Mechanical regulations of lawns (Mrkvička)

Mechanical interventions are a part of a standard lawn treatment, that cannot be used at large, but the stand and growth conditions should be considered. Their objective is to keep even surface, slightly hardened soil in the grass coat and in some cases to remove waste or weed.

Don´t you harrow needlessly?(Kalista)

The decision about harrowing the herbage of lucerne (alfalfa) remains on the grower, whether the cultivation in his silvicultural conditions pays or not. When the stand is closed, equable, very dense or dense,essentially, harrowing is not recommended. Older open stands may offer satisfactory yields only if the plants are placed regularly all over the field area.

Will it be possible to sow corn maize in the same planting space like the sugar beet?(DLZ)

It will be soon possible to reap corn maize independently of lines. It will enable to narrow the line width of this crop-plant. The first attempts show the increase of yield and better exploitation of soil nitrogen. Narrowing the line width and at the same time extension of the planting space in lines will bring equable distribution of growth on fields and optimize the usage of land.

General principles of herbicidal treatment of spring cereals (Raus)

Basic factors that influence the selection of herbicide for spring cereals treatment are the deadline of the treatment, types of cereals, weed infestation of the land with annual and perrenial weed, rotation of crops, the way of tillage, weather conditions and preparationswith liquid fertilizers. Optimum term of application is between the 3rd to 4th leaves till the end of tillering. The weed stages are the next clue.

In January Syngenta traditionally presents its news (Jirka)

For a few years Syngenta Czech Ltd company holds winter conferences for farmers, often combined with the presentation of some newsin its portfolio of preparations for herbage safekeeping. It was not different this year, andfarmerscould meet in Prague and Brnoat the end January. And of course, a new insecticide KarateZeon was introduced there.

Tomigan 250 EC (Svoboda)

Herbicidal protection of spring barley represents basic ayay steps for successful cultivation of this crop-plant. Since Agrovita Ltd. company has several products in its portfolio, in conjunction with ZVÚ Kroměříž, a trial testing the selective herbicide Tomigan 250 EC (used in lowered potions) has been established.

Preparation Flirt possibilities of its use for the sugar beet protection against weed (Rudolf)

Sugar beet protection against weed covers a broad-spectrum of interferences from soil tillage, to proper foundation of equable herbage, till the weed killing. Nowadays there is a wide offer of herbicidal preparations on sale that are based on several active substances. It is only a question of good choice for specific situations. BASF offers a preparation Flirt with active substanceschloridazon and quinmerac.

Monitor 75 WG the best option of treating perennial and spring wheat (Matuš)

We haveperhaps the biggest variety of preparations, combinations and variations for herbicidal treatment of wheat in spring,. Many of them are specialized on early spring treatment, others allow specialized, almost surgical intervention against certain kind of weed. One can make use of many possibilities, however there are several good reasons why to base wheat treatment on preparation called Monitor.

Roundup Rapid (Matuš)

Without questionpreparations called Roundup belong to most effectivetools for the cleanup of perrenial and annual weed on arable land. Until recently, their application before spring sowing has had certain limitations that were caused the effects of the preparationsRoundup. However,Roundup Rapid brings changes. Thanks to a newTranSorb™ technology the penetration of the preparation is cut to one third of the time needed by previous older preparations.

Lintur 70 WG herbicide for great price (Vašek)

Regulation of weed in corn isn't complicated in present-day conditions, because there are a lot of high-quality possibilities leadingto a givenobjective. An agronomist therefore does not ask ”how” and ”by what?”, but he asks ”for how much?” HerbicideLintur 70 WG represents on of the first-rate solutions , which brings quickness,wide-spectrum intervention, universality and easy use, and at the same it is very cheap.

Bumper Super (Svoboda)

Although, there was not massive occurrence of stem base diseases in perrenial grain, the application of fungicide seemed an efficient measure. A new fungicide called Bumper Super was introduced and we checked its effect on stem base diseases. Its application is possible in all terms thanks to its universal operation.

New quality in fungicidal protection of grain (Dostál)

In recent years, BASFcompany has gaineddominance in the marketwith fungicides used in grain. They achieved this success mainly thanks to the great introduction of its fungicides, Tango first, later even betterTango Super. Of course, it is necessary to mention its fungicidecalled Duett. Its top position has been strenghened with the introduction of the fungicidecalled Juwel BASF.

Horizon 250 EW (Ort)

Presently, the quality of the rape herbage is very different in various regions in the Czech Republic. It will be necessary to approach these different stands individually on the basis of the evaluation of their real condition and perspectives they offer. Except other steps, it will be very suitable to make use of the preparation called Horizon 250 EW and its growth-regulating and fungicidal abilities.

Fungicide Alert S in perennial rape (Štěrba)

The preparation called Alert S is a system wide-spectrum fungicide that can be used from the emergence of rape seedlings till flowerage. The highest financial benefit was reached by its application duringstretched growth and at the beginning of the flowerage, together with the insecticidal protection against footstalk or pod pests.

Maize pests (Bagar)

Two new potentially dangerous kinds of pests have appeared on maize in the Czech Republic - Helicoverpa armigera and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Helicoverpa armigera is a butterfly, whose grubs attack floral structures and fruits of many species of plants. In our country there have already been regular records of its air invasions for several years on southern Moravia, however its economic harmfulness has been till insignificant.

Mospilan 20 SP (Krejcar)

Concentrationof brassica crop-plants in the Czech Republic belongs to the biggest in the world. The growth of areas together with considerable enlargement of the whole spectra of economically significant harmful factors, mainly pests, makes the rape cultivation considerably more difficult. Beside important autumn pests, it is crucial to manage insecticidal rape protection in the spring period.

Unique power of mikrocapsules (Vašek)

Karate Zeon 5 C is an insecticide with unique Zeon microcapsules. It offers an immediate and at the same time better long-term potency, wide possibilities of usage, more economical use together with the setting friendly to the user, the bee and the environment. It presents a new standardamong insecticides.

Cupran (Peza)

The processors´ requirements have had a rising tendency towards better quality. In order to satisfy these requirements, the cost of technological provisions has grown too. Systems of precise fertilization have already been introduced to the practice, and they anable to optimize the amount of nitrogenin soil, but also plant nutrition by other elements. Possible lack of copper can be very easily solved by the application of cupric fertilizer called Cupran.

Introduction of a new series TRIOM (Hošna)

The products TRIOM follow-up the previous series BIOM and they originated in the same workshop like their precedent cousins. Presently, two groups of products are being prepared. The first group consist of helping vegetable preparations TRIOM and the second group are preparations for supplementary condition nutrition. Both groups of products have the same manufactory and distribution.

The importance of foliar nourishment with microelements at winter crop (Sláma)

Recently, it is wide-spread to use foliar fertilizers. The question is, which nutrients andin what forms to supply through leaves. It is necessary to deliver the main nutrients primarily through soil. It is possible to deliver secondary nutrients in many ways, but the practice shows that fertilization through soil is better. Plants accept hundreds of g/hah of microelements, their fertilization is an important interference with mostly good economic return.

Anomalies of average month air temperature and percentages of normal montly total rainfall in the Czech Republic in the year 2003 (Pivec)

The course of weather at the turn of of the year 20022003 and during the year 2003 caused a reduction of cereals cultivation area.. When compared to the cultivation area in the year 2000, the reduction is almost 200 thousand hectares (11,8 %). This penetrative fall was caused mainly by worse conditions for the establishment of new growthsin autumn 2002 and also by large damage by high frost and big variations in temperature in winter and early spring periods.