Summary AGRO, No. 4/2004

Calendar of Plant Protection April, May (Gall)

It will be possible to monitor all spring diseases in growths of cereals. - Monographella nivalis, Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. It is necessary to monitor carefully the phase of plant growth and the occurrence of pests in oil-seed rape growths. If during the phase of bud development more than one beetle occurs per one flower head, it is necessary to treat the growth with a suitable preparative which is harmless for bees.

Increasing Economic Effectivness of Plant Protection Using Alternative Methods (Klem)

The prime focus of the research on protection against weeds has been , in the past few decades, utilization of chemical methods of protection i.e. herbicides. While herbicides are the most significant of the current methods of plant protection, such integral systems of protection should be developed that will deal with biological, growers, mechanical, and preventative means of regulation of weed populations.

Weed Regulation in Corn (Mikulka)

Corn has been relatively widespread in the recent years. Corn is highly sensitive to low temperature, on the other hand, late sowing increases the risk of weed spreading. As corn is sown in wide furrows and its first phase of growth is slow the danger of weed infestation is rather high. Herbicides to be used should be selected in regard to the occurencee of individual weed species.

Oil-seed rape as a Weed and the Possibilities of Its Utilization in Spring Crops (Holec)

In the Czech Republic oil-seed rape is one of the main cash crops and the acreage it takes up has grown by 200 percent. As a result agriculturists have to deal with oil-seed as a weed. It often grows in cereal growths, yet it does not cause any serious problems. A totally different situation is that of root crops e.g. potatoes and sugar beet.

Species-Dependent Sensitivity of Spring Barley to the Active Compound - Chlorsulfuron (Růžička)

Quantity and quality of production depends on many factors. Some of these we cannot influence, yet most of such factors we can fully control and influence through them the indirectly other, more difficult to control, factors. One of the basic factors influencing the intensity of production is the choice of species and herbicidal protection. In many locations the yield potential is not in realized up to more than 50 % due to poor level of agro engineering, nutrition and plant protection.

Killing Weeds in the Growths of Sugar Beet (Fišer)

Integral weed-killing includes agro engineering, biological, growers and chemical measures that are determined by the conditions of the particular location where the sugar beet is grown.

Its goal is to use such growing technology that is acceptable for the particular company while minimizing the fixed costs.

Secondary Weed Infestation of Sugar Beet Growths (Jursík)

Recently, there has been quite a large number of weed- infested growths of sugar beet. The secondary weed infestation is considered to be the main reason for this. The weeds causing the secondary weed infestation start growing after the chemical protection has been finished, more exactly, after the residual effect of the herbicides in soil has weakened, usually in the second half of June.

The Influence of the Species, Nutrition, and Fungicidal Application on the Yield and Content of Mycotoxines in the Grain of Winter Wheat and Spring Barley in 2003 (Váňová)

The quality of the wheat for making food and malting barley will be, in the future, assessed not only in terms of quality corresponding to quality indicators. It will also be assessed from the point of its effect on health. One of the criteria on which it will be assessed is the occurrence of fusaries and content of mycotoxines. Of the mycotoxines deoxynivalenol is considered to be the most significant.

The Influence of Selected Fungicidals on the Yield and Grain Quality of Spring Barley(Candráková)

The results that are achieved nowadays regarding spring barley are not satisfactory. Hence, it is necessary to improve agro engineering measures used in growing this crop so that its yield can be increased and its grain quality can be improved. In 2003 an experiment was started using various ways of fungicidal treatment of spring barley against diseases of leaves.

Pyrenophora Tritici-Repentis (Šárová)

Leaf spots in wheat are becoming a more and more significant problem. Its occurrence depends on the weather conditions, primarily temperature, humidity and amount of rain. The most frequently occurring causal agent of leaf spots are Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Mycosphaerella graminicola and Phaeosphaeria nodorum.

Dwarfism in Cereals Caused by Viruses (Gall)

Dwarfism caused by viruses resulted in more serious damage in winter cereals than that caused by fungal diseases. Harmful symptoms of diseases caused by viruses were found in some locations, but to some degree all growths of winter barley and winter wheat , which were sown according to location from 3th to 10th October 2OO1, were attacked.

Protection of Oil-seed rape against Diseases (Vašák)

Diseases of Oil-seed rape have been of only informative significance to the practical grower since 1996. All „00“ species including hybrids are still resistant to a satisfactory degree phoma lingam. One of the reasons is that the aggressive species of phoma lingam do not almost occur in the Czech Republic and its harmful effect is limited to a relatively small reduction of assimilation and on the surface of root collar.

Fungus Affecting Potatoes

Potato fungus remains the most significant infectious disease affecting potatoes thus causing significant losses in yields in all locations where the chemical protection is insufficient.

In the Czech Republic potatoes belong to the most important commodities. Hence their effective protection plays a vital role in ensuring desired production. This intense protection against fungus affecting potatoes must be carried out annually.

Integral Fruit Protection against Fungal Diseases (Lánský)

Integral fruit protection against fungal diseases is a new technology of growing fruit of good quality which is more and more used by our fruit-growers. The results of this technology are also satisfactory in economic terms. This technology forms an integral part of integral fruit growing. It prefers ecologically acceptable methods and minimizes the side-effects of chemicals when they are in use. This technology puts emphasis on the protection of environment and human health.

Integral protection of orchards against pests (Falta)

Systems of intense fruit growing are inseparably linked to the need of chemical regulation of pests. If the chemical protection is not carried out in a modest way the large input of chemical compounds to the environment can lead to unpleasant consequences.

Elateridae- problem-causing pests in crops (Muška)

Elateridae belong to the group of pests which comprise a lot of species of some of which we do not exactly know how long from the phase of the egg to the phase of the imago they should or can live together. Furthermore, the length of development varies in some species and depends on the nutrition. Climate and soil type are also of great importance.

Otiorrhynchus Ligustici a Possible Danger to Hop Plants (Muška)

Otiorrhynchus ligustici is mentioned as a pest causing harm to sugar beet, lucerne, some species of clover etc. It is known to occasionally attack hop plants during the spring flight of beetles from hatching place in search of food. In the region of Tršice where hop is grown there is the first mention of it that dates back to 1888. Serious harm to hop plants was caused particularly when there was clover or lucerne ploughed in nearby.

The Possibilities of Influencing the Quality and Yield of Spring Barley (Hřivna)

Spring barley is a crop of many unique properties regarding growing. It is a highly sensitive

crop as far as agro engineering is concerned. It is demanding as to the location and very sensitive to weather conditions. The shortcomings in growing of barley are indicated by low yields and unsatisfactory quality of malting. Only a small percentage of harvested barley meets the requirements of malting plants.

The Law on Seeds and Seedlings Circulation from the Perspective of the Upcoming Membership of the Czech Republic in the EU (Houba)

The Law number . 219/2003 of the Collection of Laws concerning circulation of seeds and seedlings has been modified in many points when compared to the original version i.e. Law 92/1996 on species, seeds and seedlings, of grown plants. When creating the new Law the regulations valid in EU were taken into account. In spite of this a few provisions remained that need to be amended prior to our entry to the EU.

The State of Growths after the Winter of 2003-2004 (Tichý)

When treating spring growths it is necessary to pay special attention to each location.

The weather conditions throughout the winter varied significantly and many factors determine the suitable attitude to the basic possibilities of influencing the state of growth such as supporting regeneration, adding fertilizers, weed regulation etc. The state of the growth before winter and the quality of its setting up is also of great importance.

Well Established Growth of Sunflower- a Significant Step toward the Success (Málek)

Sun flowers rank among the 5 most important oil plants in the world. According to preliminary predictions the world production of sun flower achenes will reach 25.9 million tons, which is the highest predicted amount in the last few years. The greatest producer in the above mentioned marketing year are Russia and Ukraine each of them increasing the total produced amount by about 1 million tons.

Agro Engineering of Sugar Beet and Experience with Growing Sugar Beet in Slovakia (Žák)

Intensification of sugar beet growing in Slovakia has resulted in decrease of the area needed to produce 1 ton of sugar beet. In 1993 0,23 ha was necessary to produce this amount but in 2003 the area of 0,16 ha was enough to achieve the same yield. Keeping the area constant the production has been increased by 32 %.

The Possibilities of Growing and Utilizing Feterite in the Conditions of the Czech Republic

Feterite is together with firnis one of the most effective crops in term of produced amounts which have C4 type photosynthesis . It is resistant to dry conditions and to stress factors such as high level of salt in the soil. The development in cultivation of new species including hybrids of feterite is quite promising. Being early ripening plants and having better cold resistance makes the new species suitable for food and feeding purposes in the conditions specific for Europe.

Rules for Setting up Growths of Lucerne and Clover (Šantrůček)

Complete, healthy and weed-less growths are a prerequisite for a high and constant yield of clover plants of high quality. The correct setting up should result in well rooted plants that are more resistant to being ridden over by vehicles and machines used in harvesting. The growths must be dense enough so that high yields can be achieved and winter successfully survived.

Good Protection against Weeds, Diseases, and Pests Attacking Potatoes is a Prerequisite of Success (Jůza)

Protection against harmful factors plays a vital role in potato growing. Potatoes belong among the crops that are quite demanding regarding protection. Potato fungus is a dominant harmful factor, special attention should be paid to protection against weeds. Also, treatment against pests should not be underestimated.

Nonselective Herbicides Used in Rekultivace Company (Šolar)

Rekultivace association was established in 2000 as a daughter company of Most Coal Company 2000 and its prime goal is to provide biological re-cultivation. One of the basic technologies is removal of unwanted plants applying nonselective herbicides. A knapsack sprayer is usually necessary as the areas are mostly hilly, steep, or inaccessible for some other reason.

Syngeta Many Years of Experience in Corn Protection (Kubeček)

The last product in the development line of product by Syngenta company is Callisto 480 SC, which was introduced on our market in 2003. It is a herbicide of new generation, the development of which was inspired by a natural substance produced by the plant called Callistemon citrinus. The preparative is suitable for after-emergency regulation of annual dicotyledonous and grass like weeds in corn growths.

Fusilade Forte What Did the Year 2003 Bring to Us? (Urbánek)

In 2003 Syngenta company introduced on our market graminicide Fusilade Forte. The change of the name of this preparative is understandable after explaining the meaning of so called ISO-link technology, which is closely linked with the new Fusilade Forte. In general terms this technology is a multiple component mixture which ensures perfect effectiveness.

Experience Gained Last Year - Fungicidal Treatment in 2004 (Šandera)

Wheat growths were attacked by leave spots last year. Mainly Septoria tritici has proved to be a pathogenic organism capable of causing a substantial damages by spreading quickly to the upper leaves. The source of infection occurring on the lower leaves of wheat brought about the quick spreading of the infection onto the upper leaves after the first wetting of the leaves.

Bumper 25 EC, Bumper Super and Mirage 45 EC (Svoboda)

Fungicidal protection of winter wheat has already become a standard growers measure. There is a wide range of fungicides of good quality on the offer on the market making it possible for the grower to select the right preparative according to the particular disease. Company AGROVITA s.r.o offers for the above purpose the following preparates :Bumper 25 EC, Bumper Super and Mirage 45 EC.

The Results of Experiments Field Days BASF 2003 Winter Wheat (Truneček)

The interest of the wide agricultural public in the event Field Days- organized by BASF company has by no means diminished in the last five years. On evaluating the yields achieved using individual fungicides it is clear that even in the last dry year investing into one or two treatments paid off. The increase in yield caused by application of Tanga Super or Juwel Top - Tango Super was big when compared to the yield obtained from the untreated test growths.

Tango Super the Most Often Used Fungicide in Cereal Protection (Dostál)

The preparative Tango Super has become the most frequently used fungicide in the past years in the Czech Republic. This preparative gained favor with agriculturists due to its effect on main diseases and the subsequent significant economic benefits. These claims are supported by the results of the survey carried out last year which were published in journal AGRO

A New Sphere Is Coming Regarding Yields and Quality for the Cereals and Vine Growers (Jirka)

At the beginning of this spring the Bayer CropScience company organized a print conference. Every year at least one new preparative made Bayer CropScience is introduced onto our market. This year they presented the Sfera 267,5 EC and Teldor. Sfera is to be used for wheat treatment and its registration for sugar beet is expected. It is possible to use Teldor to treat vine and it will be registered for strawberry plants and stone fruit treatment.

Optimal Way of Using Fungicides IMPACT and TOPSIN in Cereals (Hrbáček)

Company Sumi Agro Czech offers fungicides IMPACT and TOPSIN M 70 WP for the spring season. Although these preparative have been used for many years, the author thinks it useful to mention their properties. Based on such knowledge both the older and the newer fungicides can be used in an optimal way. Thus, very good results can be achieved.

Experience with Application of Atonik to Sun Flower (Zahradníček)

Atonik has been a subject of our research on sugar beet and winter wheat where it proved to have apart from a positive effect on sugar yield and quality also good anti-stress properties.

For this reason, as we have already mentioned, we have begun testing and verifying its properties also on sunflower in the framework of field operational experiments.

SUNAGREEN Stimulator of Plant Growth (Socha)

Nowadays agricultural production uses all growers means to ensure profit and production of good quality. One of these is using bioactive substances that influence the productivity potential of crops. This potential can be increased using stimulators of plant growth that significantly influence the yield. The stimulators can compensate the differences between individual years thus contributing to the standard yields.

Specific Foiler Feeding of Winter Plants a Suitable Measure for Successful Growers (Pilař)

The goal of everybody is to sow well, protect the growth against harmful factors, provide the plants with good nutrition and achieve high yields. Not everybody knows, however, that the results of their actions in economic terms strictly depend on the specificity of the given measure, so that the achieved result correspond to the spent costs and efforts.

Efficient Foiler Feeding of Spring Plants achieved with HydroPlus ™ Fertilizers (Sláma)

Principals similar to those that apply to winter plants apply also to effective spring plant growing. The importance of right nutrition is further augmented by the fact that spring plants have shorter vegetative period, are more liable to weather conditions (spring drought spell etc.), and some of them have weak root system (e.g. spring barley). They are also more sensitive to right (in terms of species) and sufficient nutrition.

The right to change the content of this issue is reserved.