English Summary AGRO 5/2004

Possibilities of Transfer of Genes between Crops and Weeds (Holec)

Every crop used by people is a result of the process of domestication and long lasting selection the goal of which was the improvement of both quantitative and qualitative parameters of its yield. The exchange of genetic information in the framework of the complex of arable and wild plants has been taking place ever since the beginning of domestication. Yet as genetically modified crops are introduced more attention is paid to such possibilities

Herbicidal Regulation of Weeds in Corn (Týr)

There has been some changes in weed occurrence in corn growths in the recent time. The causes of the changes can be divided into a few groups. The total number of weed species has decreased, species less demanding in terms of soil fertility and more sensitive to herbicides have partly disappeared. On the other hand weeds quite demanding in terms of soil fertility and species quite adaptable have occurred in greater numbers in individual locations.

Weed Regulation in Bulbous Vegetables (Jursík)

The common characteristic of all bulbous vegetables is a low ability to compete. The soil remains for a long time , usually for the whole vegetation period without a compact ground cover. It is important to suppress persistent dicotyledonous plants in the preceding crop

(usually cereals) in order to prevent weed infestation , Cirsium arvense.

Protecting Vegetables against Weeds (Spáčil)

Suitable agro engineering plays an important part in combating weeds and is one of the decisive factors of the success of growing activities. The right selection and preparation of land is of no lesser importance. Land heavily infested with weeds and lacking suitable physical and chemical properties is unlikely to provide good results.

Occurrence of Diseases Attacking Sunflower in Slovakia and the Methods Used for the Protection (Huszár)

In Slovakia winter oil-seed rape and sunflower dominates the growing industry of oil plants. The total area taken up by sunflower is 60 thousand hectares. In2003 there was the biggest failure in growing oil-seed rape as 51 out of 250 thousand hectares were ploughed in and the yields from the remaining area were about half the usual amount. The total area on which sunflower is grown increased by 100 % last year.

Bumper Super, Bumper 25 EC, Mirage 45 EC Use in Barley (Svoboda)

The effect of Propiconazole from the group of triazoles on Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis is excellent. Its preventative and curative effect on Erysiphe graminis is also very good. Prochloraz has a local effect on system and it prevents pathogens from penetrating into plant network via leaves and surface cells.

Phomopsis obscurans (Ondřej)

Occurrence of strawberry-plant wilting and dying caused by pathogenic fungus called Phomopsis obscurans, was reported in 1998 in North and Middle Moravia for the first time in the Czech republic. The disease affected new strawberry out-plantings. Its symptoms were gradual wilting and drying up of plants. The young central leaves got black and died away.

Effectiveness of genetically modified corn in protection against Ostrinia nubilalis in the Czech republic (Říha)

The increase of the part of the total area on which corn is grown for grain, changes in technology of soil processing, changes of weather conditions in the last ten years and early corn hydrides help significantly the main pest of Ostrinia nubilalis to spread.

The Results of Monitoring of Occurence and Spreading of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in Southern Moravia in 2003 (Vahala)

Since 1999 the authorities carry out monitoring of occurrence and spreading of Diabrotica virgifera from 1 July to 30 September on regular basis particularly in Southern Moravia.

Pheromone traps Csalomon® PAL made in Hungary are used for this purpose. The traps are located in observation points in selected corn growths, primarily in pure plantations.

Prognosis of Maybeetle Swarming and the Harmful Effect to Be Caused by Grubs in 2004 (Muška)

Maybeetle (Melolontha melolontha) ranks, in some years, among significant pests affecting agricultural and garden crops particularly fruit woody plants and vine. It is also a significant forest pest. In the Czech republic there exist three triennial and four quadrennial maybeetle strains. The border between triennial and quadrennial strains has been determined by the average air temperature during 50 years period in the vegetation time ( from April till September), that is 14 °C.

Injection New Possibility in Tree Protection (Pavela)

In the last years both the laymans and professional publics interest in the development of new possibilities of protecting plants from harmful insect has been on the increase. One of the solutions is to use botanical insecticides ( extracts from plants). that utilize natural mechanisms of effects of plants abilities of self-protection in this case secondary metabolites. One of the main possibilities is to protect trees using via injections into their trunks.

Verification of Utilization of Bone-Meal and Flesh Bone Meal in Fertilization (Čermák)

The outcome of the tests that were carried out indicates an obvious positive effect of the tested bone meals on the yield of crops, the content of available nutrients and organic substances in soil. A negative effect on physical soil properties has not been proven in any case, particularly regarding high content of fat after applications of various kinds and doses of bone meal

New Phase for Genetically Modified Crops (Drobník)

In the Czechrepublic there is some news regarding Genetically Modified Crops. Transgenic corn MON containing transgenic for toxin Cry1Ab from bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis has entered the phase of field tests. The tests for registration will last till 2007. Furthermore the Law number 78/2004 of the Collection of Laws, on management of genetically modified organisms and products has taken effect.

Biologically Active Substances in the System of Sugar Beet Growing (Černý)

Currently the application of growth regulators in sugar beet is considered to be justified. The application of biologically active substances succeeded in influencing not only quantitative but also and more importantly qualitative parameters of bulbs. It has been found out that application of Atonik influences not only sugar production but it also results in lowering breathing during storing prior to processing.

BASF Believes in Further Development of Agriculture (Jirka)

Non-professional attitude cannot lead to success in the future, especially after the countries of Eastern and Middle Europe enter European Union. Only professional attitude can give the agriculturists a chance to increase their productivity and become stronger. These are the words of Mr. Clause Illinga, the boss of the European Division of Products for Agriculture of BASF company that he used in the CAC meeting.

DuPont against Retreads (Jirka)

At the end of March DuPont company held a print conference the purpose of which was to introduce the public into the situation regarding illegal retreads of preparative for plant protection that occurred on our market last year. The product portfolio of DuPont company was concerned as the retreads of Glean® a Granstar® preparative occurred on our market. This is a serious matter not only from the legal and moral points of wiev but also regarding safety of the user and its effectiveness.

The Fourth Field Days Held by Bayer CropScience Company in the Czech Republic (Egert)

Every visitor of the field days organized by Bayer CropScience Company can see a wide assortment of species and their reaction to different treatments. Locating species that underwent the same herbicide treatment vertically to the fungicidal treatment enables to monitor their reactions to individual treatments thus helping to develop agro engineering for the given specie. .

Agil 100 EC Economical Graminicide (Svoboda)

There are a few advantages to graminicide Agil 100 EC. It is known for its excellent effect on annual and persistent weeds including Elytrigia repens and grass weeds that are difficult to combat. Low application doses are another advantage. These coupled with the competitive price make for the least expensive treatment of crops grown in wide lines (i.e. lines far apart from each other) against grass weeds.

Experience with using preparative Roundup Forte in AGRO - Měřín, a.s. (Matuš)

The interview with the boss of crops production in AGRO Měřín, a.s., Mr. Vladimír Krejčí, recorded by manager of MONSANTO ČR s.r.o. company. The agronomist speaks about good experience the speed with which the herbicide Roundup Forte takes effect. He has used the preparative of this series for the 3rd year and is satisfied with the their effect.

Comprehensive protection of spring barley (Dostál)

This article deals with the fungicidal protection of spring barley using individual fungicides made by BASF company. Attention is also paid to morph-regulator Terpal C. Basf company offers the growers highly efficient fungicides Tango Super, Caramba apart from a new fungicide Juwel Top. In addition, they offer a brand new model of so called „fungicidal screening for the whole vegetative period“

New Effective Fungicide to Be Used on Cereals (Čapek)

BASF Company is currently introducing on the market a new fungicide Juwel Top that is expected to bring about further progress in comprehensive fungicidal protection of cereals. We had the opportunity to learn about this fungicide from the demonstration experiments carried out on winter wheat and spring barley in SELGEN, a.s. company in Krukanice and Uhřetice .

Again Late Blight (Urbánek)

Due to weather conditions and primarily to low rainfall the occurrence of fungal diseases including late blight was very rare last year. On the other hand this advantage was obtained at the expense of achieving lower yields.

The Newest Recomendations Regarding Foliar Feeding in Selected Crops (Pilař)

Foliar feeding is specific for every individual crop. Applying limit foliar nutrition at the optimal time. This article lists the most suitable times and kinds of foliar feeding for selected species. Doing so, it is possible to stimulate higher yields and better quality of production in the growths.

The Path towards Malting Barley of Better Quality Malting Barley (Peza)

Strict requirements on the quality determining parameters in malting barley make its growers to reconsider its proper nutrition. Insufficient nutrition is often a cause of failure of meeting the required criteria which , in turn, has a negative impact on the commodity in economic terms.

OleoBras s. r. o. New Company of Cultivators of Oil-Seed Rape on the Czech Market (Špunar)

OleoBras Company forms the basis of a new organization in which cultivators will collaborate in close cooperation with renowned seed producing companies on seed production. The company will provide consultancy, support for marketing and selling seeds of winter and spring Oil-Seed Rape species the owners of which are the cultivators- founders of the company

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