Komentář k posudku Evropské komise o ČR a postupu v přidružení:

1) Zásadní problém makroekonomie spočívá v růstu dluhu a dluhové obsluhy. Výše překročila 5% hrubého domácího produktu. Výrazně likviduje možnosti státního rozpočtu pro zemědělství a potraviny, při nutně fixním procentu výdajů na obranu, školství a sociální oblast. Stav jako velmi negativní posoudila Světová banka včera. The current account deficits have to a large extent been financed by capital inflows connected with privatisation, but green-field investments are increasing as well in a number of countries. Although efforts have been made in most candidate countries to stabilise general government balances in the reporting period, the sustainability of public finances remains a cause of concern in almost all candidate countries, albeit to different degrees.

2) Pořadí zemí při posouzení konkurenceschopnosti v EU je zcela pravdivé. Kriteria uplatněná při hodnocení jsou zcela exaktní. Zásadní rozdíl proti Maďarsku a Polsku, Estonsku spočívá v legislativě kapitálového trhu. Tj. nedostatečný dohled nad trhem, žádná zásadní ochrana minoritního akcionáře srovnatelná s normálními poměry. Další podstatný rozdíl je v konkurzním zákoně, kde není stále definována povinnost vyhlásit konkurz statutárním zástupcem v případě, že firma neuhradí svůj uznaný závazek v sjednaném termínu. Všude jinde se má za to, že nemůže platit a musí se neprodleně uvést do konkurzu sama. Pod trestem vězení statutárního zástupce. Prostředí, kde platí jen ten kdo chce, není srovnatelné ani s Polskem, Maďarskem a Estonskem. Tento stav rovněž ostře kritizuje Světová Banka ve včerejším reportu. Třetí důvod pro zařazení do třetí řady je obrovský objem nevymahatelných úvěrů, které vznikly převážně v důsledku nefungujícího konkurzního zákona a zcela zbytečně liberálního obchodního zákoníku v otázkách zakládání nových firem. Také tuto skutečnost kritizuje zpráva Světové banky. Všechny tři problémy se zásadně dotýkají zemědělců a potravinářů. V ČR nelze efektivně řídit finanční toky podniku. As investors need a stable, predictable and supportive legal and regulatory framework in order to make long-term investments, candidate countries should complete reforms in this area making improvements whenever needed. They should also make substantial efforts to fight against corruption and to establish a transparent business environment. Klíčový důvod, proč jsme zařazeni do třetí skupiny !!! Podnikatelské prostředí: nevymahatelnost pohledávek, konkurzy, fendování, trh cenných papírů, ochrana minoritních akcionářů etc. The progress of each country has been assessed according to the sub-criteria of the Copenhagen economic criteria - the existence of a functioning market economy and the capacity to withstand competitive pressure and market forces within the Union. These sub-criteria were more precisely defined in the Commission Communication on Agenda 2000: 1) The existence of a functioning market economy requires that prices, as well as trade, are liberalised and that an enforceable legal system, including property rights, is in place. Macroeconomic stability and consensus about economic policy enhance the performance of a market economy. A well-developed financial sector and the absence of any significant barriers to market entry and exit improve the efficiency of the economy. 2) The second criterion ('capacity to withstand competitive pressure and market forces within the Union') depends on the existence of a market economy and a stable macroeconomic framework, allowing economic agents to make decisions in a climate of predictability. It also requires a sufficient amount of human and physical capital, including infrastructure. State enterprises need to be restructured and all enterprises need to invest to improve their efficiency. Furthermore, the more access enterprises have to outside finance and the more successful they are at restructuring and innovating, the greater will be their capacity to adapt. Overall, an economy will be better able to take on the obligations of membership the higher the degree of economic integration it achieves with the Union prior to accession. Both the volume and the range of products traded with EU Member States provide evidence of this. Text výše jsou základní kriteria pro rozdělení na napadanou tabulku pokroku v makroekonomii. Jsou přesná a spolehlivá. Následující věty jsou zcela přesně odváženy pro každou skupinu a jsou zcela adekvátní. Nesplňujeme zejména druhou část kritérií.

Taking the two criteria together, it can be said that

Cyprus and Malta are functioning market economies and should be able to cope with competitive pressure and market forces in the Union.

Estonia, Hungary and Poland are functioning market economies and should be able to meet the second criterion in the near term provided they maintain their current reform path.

The Czech Republic and Slovenia can be regarded as functioning market economies and should be able also to meet the second criterion in the near term, provided that they complete and implement remaining reforms.

Reformy jsou označeny za nekompletní. Zcela právem - konkurzy, fendování, kapitálový trh, vůbec vymáhání práva.

Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia can be regarded as functioning market economies and should be able to meet the second criterion in the medium term, provided that they implement current structural reform programmes and undertake further reforms where necessary.

Bulgaria does not meet either criterion but has clearly made further progress towards this objective.

Romania has made too limited progress towards meeting the criteria.

Turkey should continue to improve the functioning of markets and to enhance its competitiveness in order to meet the criteria.

Zemědělství:

V obecné části kromě samostatné kapitoly 7) o zemědělství se výrazně oceňuje pokrok v legislativě Společné zemědělské politiky přijetím zákona o Státním intervenčním fondu. Ale kritizuje se nenaplnění dalších praktických kroků v kontrole a v organizaci odbytu produktů.

In the agriculture sector, several candidates have made significant progress as regards the adoption and implementation of the acquis and the convergence of current national policies with the Common Agricultural Policy,

Ocenění zákona o SZIF, který byl přijat v podobě pozměňovacího návrhu Grůzova KDU-ČSL.

although candidate countries do not have to introduce common market organisation policy instruments before accession.. Nonetheless much remains to be accomplished as regards structural reforms (e.g. farm size, processing sector, marketing channels, land market).

Účinnost zákona zdaleka nebyla naplněna, zvláště v oblasti organizace odbytu.

They should be initiated and conducted as a matter of priority in countries where they are most needed such as Poland and Romania. In the veterinary and phytosanitary sectors, although progress can be noted for several candidates as well, efforts should be speeded up to align with this important acquis well before accession.

Máme nejlepší výsledek u technických zákonů, protože Fencl jen dokončil detaily na již hotových zákonech od Luxe.

In the area of food safety, the candidates need to ensure coherent transposition, implementation and controls throughout the whole food chain.

S ohledem na BSE bude věc kontroly a potravinové bezpečnosti předmětem nekompromisního postoje EU při vyjednávání.

Kapitola 7) Zemědělství:

Kapitola je vcelku úspěšná, hlavně zásluhou našeho návrhu na SZIF a díky Luxovým technickým zákonům, snadno přizpůsobeným Fenclem na současný stav v EU. Zásadní problém jsou platební nástroje pro předvstupní pomoc EU SAPARD. Hlavně jde o nenaplnění podmínky vnitřního a nezávislého auditu agentury a tím nesplnění podmínky pro akreditaci a podpis finančního memoranda Komisí EU. Předvstupní pomoc se tak zpozdila o rok. To se projevilo také na kritice nezahájení práce na hraničních veterinárních a fytosanitárních kontrolách Děčín a Ruzyně.

Souhrnně lze prohlásit, že při praktickém naplnění legislativy Společné zemědělské politiky je pro ČR jediným problémem skutečná výše vyjednaných limitů a kvót pro jednotlivé komodity a jejich skutečné naplnění. Vzhledem k termínu možného členství k 1. 1. 2004 je čas dostatečný, ale také ho lze promarnit vnitřními spory. Což dokumentuje současný odpor ASZ ke kvótám jako principu.

Chapter 7: Agriculture

Agriculture in the Czech Republic accounted for 3.7% of gross value added in 1999, as compared to 4.6% in 1998. Employment in agriculture has declined over the past years, accounting for 5.3% of total employment. During the same period, the gross agricultural output increased by 9.1%, with a 10.6% increase in crop production and a 5.6% increase in livestock production.

In 1999, EC imports of agricultural products originating in the Czech Republic increased to € 379 million, compared with € 299 million in 1998. In the same period, EC exports to the Czech Republic were stable at € 954 million. The trade balance in favour of the EC amounted to € 575 million in 1999, compared to € 655 million in 1998. As a consequence of the new reciprocal concessions on agricultural products negotiated under the Europe Agreement, approximately half of EC imports and one third of EC exports of agricultural products will be exempted from duties (see section A.b - Relations between the European Union and the Czech Republic).

In January 2000, the government approved an Implementation Strategy for the Area of Agriculture, laying down a schedule of pre-accession activities.

Legislation adopted in January 2000 modifies the law on restitution of agricultural property, to allow for restitution of agricultural land confiscated during World War II. Originally, restitution legislation only provided for the return of agricultural property confiscated after 1948.

Celkový přehled obchodních vztahů a ekonomických podmínek. Jinde se cituje údaj, že zhruba polovina obchodu je osvobozena od cel.

Horizontal Issues

Some limited progress has been made in these areas over the past year. The short-term priorities of the 1999 Accession Partnership include the preparation of measures required to implement the Common Agricultural Policy. The Czech Republic has made some progress over the past year as regards measures related to the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF). The Act on the State Agriculture Intervention Fund, establishing the basis for a new system of market regulation for agricultural and food products originating in the Czech Republic, entered into force in August 2000. The new Act is partly in line with current Community regulations. It contains basic provisions of the EC common market organisations, the Integrated Administrative and Control System (IACS) and other functions of the intervention agencies.

Zcela zásadní ocenění, které není v žádném jiném posudku 12ti zemí pozvaných k rozhovorům o vstupu. Přesto se konstatuje jen částečný souhlas s právem EU.

The SAPARD Rural Development Plan, which describes the main lines of the Czech Republic's rural development policy and the main objectives to be attained by SAPARD assistance, was approved by the Commission in October 2000. The accreditation of the SAPARD Agency is currently ongoing. (See Section A.b - Relations between the European Union and the Czech Republic).

Konstatuje se akreditace, ale v samostatné kapitole o SAPARDU se kritizuje chybějící vnitřní nezávislý audit, pozdní založení agentury.

As to preparations to establish the Integrated Administration and control System (IACS) in the Czech Republic, progress has been made as regards the registration of animals. A system for cattle identification and registration was introduced in July 1999. Based on the new Veterinary Act and the new Act on Livestock Improvement, Breeding and Registration, the system will be obligatory for cattle by January 2001 and will be extended to cover sheep, goats and pigs by April 2002. The new Act establishing the State Intervention Fund contains basic provisions on the IACS. The harmonisation of animal identification systems is a short-term priority in the 1999 Accession Partnership.

Konstatuje se krátkodobá priorita pro dokončení evidence zvířat. Věc zesílí jednoznačně za současné krize okolo BSE.

An Act on Ecological Agriculture was adopted in 2000, setting rules for ecological agriculture and labelling of bio-foodstuffs, import requirements on bio-foodstuffs and bio-products from other countries. It will enable access to ecologically oriented EC structural programmes and is in line with Community rules concerning organic farming.

An amendment to the Act on Foodstuffs and Tobacco was adopted in August 2000. It aligns legislation with Community requirements as regards foodstuff labelling, the regime for manufacture, import and marketing of novel foodstuffs, in particular foodstuffs produced from genetically modified organisms. A number of Decrees have also been approved in this field (see Chapter 1 - Free movement of goods). The Czech legislation is partly in line with the Community acquis, but the control system needs to be established.

Konstatuje se pokrok v zařazení ekologického - organického zemědělství, také bude vážnější pro aféru BSE. Kritizuje se nedostatečný a s EU nesjednocený systém kontroly potravin. Problém bude zákon o potravinách v otázkách institucí a sjednocení metodiky kontrol. Zasáhne znovu do veterinárního zákona.

Common Market Organisations

In this field, the Czech Republic has made some important progress over the past year as regards the introduction of an administrative structure, notably with the adoption of the Act on the State Agricultural Intervention Fund, which contains basic provisions on the establishment of Common Market Organisations. This can be the basis for a number of agricultural regulations, such as the introduction of quota policies in the milk, sugar and potato starch markets.

Konstatuje se pokrok v přijetí legislativy, zvláště přípravu kvót. Při současném sporu o jejich ústavnost a zásadní odpor ASZ to může být klíčový problém pokroku v jednání o vstupu, v krajním případě to může zcela ohrozit vstup ČR v první vlně. Zcela proti zájmům občanů země a zvláště rolníků.

As regards the adoption of specific regulations organising the different markets covered by the acquis, some progress has been made. Concerning arable crops, a Decree was adopted in February 2000 laying down the measures and state intervention in creating the conditions to secure and maintain sugar beet and sugar production, and to stabilise the market in sugar. The decree lays down temporary measures for one year and is a step towards alignment with the acquis. A new department for the sugar sector was established in the Ministry of Agriculture in April 2000.

Konstatuje se pokrok v stabilizaci cukru.

In the field of specialised crops, an amendment of the Act on Viticulture entered into force in August 2000, partly aligning legislation with Community requirements concerning wine and acting as a precursor to a new viticulture law. This concerns oenological practices, requirements on imported wine, vineyard register, the conditions for the production of quality wines and the labelling of individual types of wine. An Amendment to the Act on Protection of Hops entered into force in May 2000. The amendment aims to ensure the same standard of qualitative control of hops and hop products for domestic producers and importers, and is partly in line with the acquis. In March 2000, a new department for permanent plantations was established at the Central Institute for Supervision and Testing in Agriculture. Its task will be to prepare the introduction of the system of contract registration in the hops sector in accordance with Community regulations.

Konstatuje se částečný pokrok v úpravě trhu s vínem, problém je spíše ve vyjednávání podmínek, v pozičním dokumentu. Zatím ČR nepředala seznamy tratí a jiné požadované dokumenty. Jednání budou obtížná, dosáhnout srovnatelných podmínek s Rakouskem je cílem.

In relation to animal products, the government has decided to introduce milk quotas as of April 2001, based on the new Act on the State Agriculture Intervention Fund. A department for the classification of slaughter animals was established at the Research Institute for Livestock Productions to carry out the activities of the future Classification Agency. The introduction of the common classification of carcasses (SEUROP) is foreseen by the amendments to the Act on Foodstuffs adopted in August 2000.

Konstatuje se pozitivní zákon o SZIF a pokrok v klasifikaci těl SEUROP.

Veterinary and Phytosanitary Legislation

The short-term priorities of the 1999 Accession Partnership include legislative alignment and upgrading of inspection arrangements in the veterinary and phytosanitary sector and the elaboration of a plan to modernise meat and dairy plants to meet EC hygiene and public health standards.

In the veterinary field, the new Veterinary Act entered into force in 1999. It covers conditions for veterinary care, identification and registration of animals, animal welfare and conditions for animal trade. Several implementing Decrees have been issued. The new Veterinary Act does not ensure full transposition of all Community Directives in this field. An Act on Livestock Improvement, Breeding and Registration (Breeding Act) was adopted in May 2000. It changes the structure and organisation of the livestock improvement and breeding process and is a step towards alignment with EC legislation.

The HACCP (Hazard Analysis at Critical Control Points) system, which involves measures to identify and control hazards related to food processing and the monitoring of safety requirements became obligatory for all food producers in January 2000.

As regards administrative capacity, an animal welfare department was established within the State Veterinary Administration in January 2000.

Konstatuje se nezahrnutí plného textu Směrnic EU pro veterinární péči, registraci zvířat a ochranu zvířat. Bude nezbytné zrychlit kvůli BSE aféře.

In the phytosanitary field, an amendment to the Act on fodder was adopted in 2000, bringing legislation on animal nutrition further in line with the acquis, although some gaps still remain in the area of inspection. The new amendment stipulates rules for the production, use and circulation of fodder and additives, including supervision and sanctions.

Konstatuje se existence děr v oblasti fytosanitární inspekce. Velmi nepříjemné zjištění.

Obecné posouzení: Overall assessment

Overall, progress has been made with regard to legislative alignment and the setting up of implementing structures for the CAP. However, efforts need to be stepped up, particularly in terms of introducing market organisation regulations in specific sectors and the strengthening of administrative structures to effectively implement the veterinary and phytosanitary acquis.

In order to prepare for the future management of the Common Agricultural Policy, the Ministry of Agriculture still needs to carry out the restructuring of its organisation and to accelerate its decision-making procedures.

Konstatuje se nedostatečné přizpůsobení administrativy Ministerstva zemědělství potřebám zákonodárství EU.

In the field of horizontal issues, further progress in the alignment of legislation as regards trade mechanisms is needed. In the field of quality policy, supervision mechanisms in line with Community requirements need to be put in place.

Konstatuje se nedostatečnost legislativy tržních mechanizmů a kontroly kvality.

Further measures should be taken to ensure a fully functioning and accredited SAPARD Agency. Efforts are needed with regard to payment procedures, accounting procedures as well as a fully functioning internal audit, which is a key requirement for the accreditation of the SAPARD Agency. The organisational restructuring of the Ministry of Agriculture, in view of the future management of the CAP, needs to be completed.

Konstatuje se potřeba platebních procedur, účetních procedur, s plnou funkcí vnitřního auditu agentury SAPARD, jako klíčových podmínek pro akreditaci agentury. Nutnost dokončení organizačních změn Mze pro budoucí řízení Společné zemědělské politiky EU.

In the preparations for implementation of the IACS (Community Integrated Administration and Control System), good progress has been made with the system of animal identification and registration. In order to provide an efficient animal disease prevention system, it needs to be centralised and connected to the Czech epidemiological surveillance network. Preparations for the establishment of the land parcel identification system have begun, but the system is not yet completed.

Konstatuje se nutnost zavést jednotnou síť epidemiologického dozoru, nekompletnost identifikace pozemků. Což je dosud asi 10% soudních a jiných sporů o identifikaci, ostatní je digitalizováno.

As regards the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) the existing surveys are only partly in line with the acquis. The collection of data and administrative capacity still needs to be fully established in conformity with Community requirements and co-operation on the exchange of data must be ensured.

Konstatuje se problém nepřenositelnosti dat, dosavadní nemožnost kooperace , slučitelnosti účetních dat testovacích podniků. Také je dosud počet podniků menší, než je nezbytné. Je to problém dost ostudný, náklad z rozpočtu na budování sítě a slučitelnost je vysoký, výsledek prostě špatný. Zabezpečuje na zakázku VÚZE pro Mze.

As regards the implementation of Common Market Organisations, an effective network with a reliable market monitoring system, capable of collecting price data in real time at all points in the chain is missing. Legislation establishing quality and marketing standards for arable crops and animal products needs to be completed. The Czech Republic also needs to complete market regulation for specialised crops. The marketing standards for fruit and vegetables are currently aligned to Community requirements. However, the quality control system in the area of fruit and vegetables needs reorganisation. The existing legal framework for producer organisations is not in line with Community requirements. However, the government has been supporting the establishment of producer marketing organisations since January 1999.

Konstatuje se zcela chybějící systém monitoringu tržních dat v reálném čase, zvláště cen. Je to mimo jiné zásadní problém pro zavedení kvót v současné podobě vládního nařízení. Chybí stále regulace trhu speciálních plodin, ovoce, zeleniny, chmele. Kontrola kvality ovoce a zeleniny se musí změnit. Existující legislativní úpravy neodpovídají EU.

In the area of rural development and forestry, the horizontal legislation is largely in place, but the administrative structures for implementation need to be completed.

Konstatuje se nekompletnost legislativy pro rozvoj venkova, včetně lesů.

Concerning the veterinary field, progress has been made in the alignment of legislation, and the horizontal legislation is largely in place. However, further progress is needed in the transposition of veterinary legislation, e.g. in the fields of animal welfare, food safety control and rules concerning imports from third countries. The Veterinary Administration as well as the Food Inspection generally function well, but need to be strengthened in terms of adequately trained staff and equipment.

Konstatuje se nutnost doplnit dále veterinární legislativu.

In the field of veterinary control in the internal market, the process of introducing both the internal computerised system linking veterinary authorities inside the country and an external movement control system (ANIMO) needs to be completed. Progress has been made as regards the system of identification and registration of cattle, but should also be extended to other species according to decisions taken. Border inspection posts and import checks need to be reinforced and aligned with Community requirements.

Little progress has been made over the past year in upgrading the two border posts at Ruzyne airport and Decin airport. The infrastructure needs to be completed and adequately equipped, and the staff should be trained with regard to border inspection procedures.

Konstatuje se nutnost převzít kontrolní systém přeshraničních přesunů zvířat a vybudovat hraniční kontroly ( Děčín a Ruzyně).

In the field of control of animal diseases and animal health, preparations to participate in the animal notification system (ADNS) need to be completed. The Chief Veterinary Officer needs to be empowered to take the necessary safeguard measures in case of an emergency.

Konstatuje se nekompletnost systému ADNS a převzetí podmínek bezpečnosti v případě mimořádných ohrožení.

A substantial part of the plants processing products of animal origin do not yet meet Community hygiene and public health requirements. They need to be modernised and up-graded in terms of construction, equipment, water quality, cleaning systems and training of staff. As regards animal waste treatment, most of the rendering plants for high-risk waste are operating according to Community requirements.

The Agriculture and Food Inspection authority is working relatively well, but needs further strengthening in terms of specialised equipment and expert staff.

Konstatuje se nutnost převzetí terminologie a postupů u zařízení, podniků a výcviku lidí.

In the phytosanitary field, most legislation is in line with the acquis, but efforts are needed to complete legislative alignment. On the enforcement side, the phytosanitary control must be upgraded to be in full compliance with Community requirements, including border control procedures, sampling methods for plants and plant products, surveys, monitoring and registrations systems. The State Phytosanitary Administration is preparing its linkage to the EUROPHYT information system in the field of plant health and harmful organisms. The State Phytosanitary Administration generally functions well, but needs to be strengthened in terms of sufficient number of adequately trained staff and equipment. The situation with regard to specialised equipment has improved but will require further investment.

Konstatuje se nutnost převzetí terminologie a postupů, monitoringu a registrace. Nutnost převzít a plně navázat na informační systém EUROPHYT. Vyžaduje dodatečné investice i do laboratoří.