English Summary AGRO, No. 7/2004

Plant Protection Calendar Recommendations for July and August (Gall)

In the following month it is necessary to focus on protecting growths of potatoes, sugar beet, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, stone fruits, vine and other sensitive crops against fungal diseases. Also, supplementary nutrition containing microelements and other nutrients should not be omitted from the treatment.

Equisetum Arvense Fast Spreading Weed on Arable Soil (Mikulka)

There are approximately 35 species of plants belonging among Equisetum genus. In our climate we can find 12 of them. Of these Equisetum arvense most frequently occurs on arable soil..

Recommendations of Agrovita Association for prior and after Harvest Application of Preparations (Svoboda)

Harvesting growths heavily infested with weeds means not only high yield losses and decreased performance of the machinery but also high costs spend on after harvest treatment of the harvested products. Hence it is essential to prepare such growths to facilitate mechanized harvesting. This year Agrovita Company offers non selective herbicide Glyfogan 480 SL for this purpose.

Using Models in Phytophatology (Věchet)

Plant diseases control includes in fact all activities done both on purpose and unwittingly that keep the level of the disease under the threshold of economically significant harm. In the level of organism this control concerns disease- crop interactions during growth period of the individual plant in certain time intervals.

Physiological Diseases and Disorders in Apples (Gall)

All disorders and diseases caused by errors in nutrition, bad metabolism of the tree or unsuitable storing belong to this group. We can encounter them in the time before harvest, during harvest but particularly during storing and in big apples

Apiognomonia veneta Plane-Tree Disease (Šafránková)

In our climate a conspicuous disease anthracosis (i.e. leaves getting brown)- occurs in

plane trees grown in urban areas in the end of spring. This disease is caused by fungus called Apiognomonia and attacks both young and old planetrees. It spreads quickly in rainy weather in temperatures about 20 degrees of centigrade.

Diabrotica in Austria (Muška)

Since 1999 pheromone traps have been used in Austria to find out whether or not and pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera occurs in the given area. Pheromone traps have been provided by Agricultural Chambers and Plant Protection Service of federal countries in cooperation with Austrian Agency for Health and Safe Nutrition. (AGES).

Occurrence of Predatory Mite in Stored Cereals (Hubert)

Stored cereals are attacked by mites seeking nutrition during storing. These mites feed on substances in cereals. In addition there are also predatory mites that hunt other mites or consume their eggs..

Potassium and Sulfur are Especially Important Nutrients for Oil-Seed Rape (Torma)

Insufficient amount of sulfur does not show in ordinary conditions and its symptoms are hardly different from those of lack of nitrogen and magnesium. During flowering floral leaves get pale and are smaller than those with sufficient amount of sulfur. The buds get pink. The overall development of plants get slower and leaves and stems start to lignify.

Selection of Winter Oil-Seed Rape Species (Baranyk)

Since 1998, when first hybride species appeared on operating areas thier popularity increased in quite significant pace showing almost a linear tendency. Due to bad over-wintering of oil seed rape last year many growers were more cautious in deciding wether to seed line species or hybride species despite the fact that hybrides were quite good in terms of over-wintering.

Winter Wheat Species Registered after Harvest of 2003 (Horáková)

In 2004 5 new species of winter wheat were recorded in The State Book Of Species.. Assortment increased by one species with excellent baking quality (Caphorn, Cubus, Darwin) and one specie with bread baking quality (Hedvika).

Program Supporting Bio-Ethanol Production (Procházka)

Following the approved decree of the governmet of the Czech republic number 833 from 6th August 2003 the program “ Support of Production of Bio Ethanol to Be Added to Petrol and Diesel Oil , to Replace Methanol in production of Methyl Ester of Oil from Oil Seed Rape and Methyercbutylen and to be used as an Alternative Fuel Supporting its Utilization on the Domestic Market” is being implemented. . The goal of this program is to create conditions for production of needed amount of bioethanol from 1st January 2006.

Assessing Quality of Malting Barley (Faměra)

Genetic basis of the species is a prerequisite for obtaining malt of high quality. Like assessing baking quality of wheat assessing barley species in terms of malting quality is quite difficult. What is assessed is the finished product i.e. malt rather than grain quality. The result of assessment is the so called indicator of malting quality that takes into account many criteria of malt. .

Recommendations for and Experience with Starting Oil-Seed Rape Growth (Vašák)

Sharp decrease in yields was caused by pest infestation, spread of diseases and giving up intensive growing while soil fertility decreased and trade interests penetrated into agriculture and oil seed rape production. The degradation of yields of oil seed rape seeds and economy of oil seed rape production is explained by so called over producing of oil seed rape- i.e.

great part of arable soil is taken up by oil seed rape.

Dependence of Changes in Soil Properties on Soil Processing (Horák)

All agro engineering measures contribute to creation of agro-ecological conditions for individual plants. The greatest changes are caused ,however, by soil processing when weight of volume unit of soil, soil porosity, soil capacity to contain water and air, heat conductivity, capillary attraction etc are significantly changed. Physical properties of soil are ,to a great degree, influenced by soil composition and its structure

The Influence of Bio-stimulators and Fungicides on Metabolism and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet (Zahradníček)

Sugar beet as a technical crop is , despite its cultural youth, very powerful plant in terms of bio-energy and hence plays a key role in the sowing procedure of every beet producer. Yet in practice its genetic resources are not fully exploited. One of the means for intensification is to use physiologically active substances and other preparations for plant protection

Ingathering, Treatment and Utilization of Soya Beans (Podrábský)

When in gathering Soya beans the most essential task is to prevent high losses caused by failing to gather the lower parts of pods. The manner and outcome of ingathering differ from grower to grower depending on the flatness of the area, herbicides used, and the weather in the time of harvest, combine-harvester, and skill of combine-harvester operator. The most suitable humidity of Soya grain for Soya ingathering is 1316 %.

Soya Ingathering (Mižík)

One of the key factors in minimizing losses in Soya harvesting is soil processing prior sowing. Perfect leveling of the surface of the area is a prerequisite. It is important to keep the speed of the combine harvester low during harvest and to lower the cutter as near the ground surface as possible.

Chinese Cabbage Promising Vegetable for Making Salads? (Raba)

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensisJuslen) is a vegetable of short vegetation period of 65 days. ( 100 - 110 days for Pekingese cabbage. Chinese cabbage is quite tender , suitable for direct consumption and unlike Pekingese cabbage it is unsuitable for prolonged storing. It has the highest content of vitamin C and does not accumulate excessive amounts of nitrates.

Example of Efficiency of Unwoven Fabric in Potato (Pivec)

Efficiency of using unwoven fabric to cover vegetable out-planting is generally known and this method is widely utilized. It accelerates germination and makes the early phases of plant growing safe from bad weather conditions. The results of measuring temperature and humidity in potato growths from 3 April till 23 may provide examples of such efficiency.

Agroengineering for Hop-Plant Growing and Experience with Hop-Plant Growing in Slovakia (Žák)

Hop Plant is grown in Piestany production region in Slovakia and only species belonging to the genetic group of medium-early scarlet hop of Žatec. This hop gives lower yields but is of higher quality and its price is therefore higher. In Slovakia clones are primarily grown Osvalds clone K-72, K-114, K-31 (finely aromatic) and marginally a specie belonging to the group of bitter hops called Premiant.

Quality at First Palce Butisan Star (Šonský)

The selection of herbicide can have a significant influence on winter oil seed rape and thus increase the profitability of its growing. Recommendations on how to increase its yields are often published and presented, yet using efficient and for oil seed rape harmless herbicide, which is a vital factor for increasing its yields, is often omitted. When making your choice, remember that Butisan Star is an state of the art preparative available for reasonable cost.

New Technologies of Oil Seed Rape Growing Require Selective Weed Removing (Vaculík)

The change in technology of oil seed rape growing should be accompanied by change of view on weed removal. In the past when yields were low and seeding amount high it was possible to use preparations with decreased selectivity in relation to oil seed rape. Nowadays, in the times of low seeding amounts and efficient hydride or line species giving yields 3,5 tons per hectare, it is necessary to use only highly selective preparations.

EKOTECH System Starts before Harvest of Crops (Václavík)

Benefits of EKOTECH system in economic terms have been repeatedly confirmed in agricultural practice for a couple of years and the number of businesses introducing the elements of this system has been on increase. .

The success of the utilization of this system depends primarily on respecting defined principles and keeping the technological discipline during implementation of the needed operations.

Raxil something More for Growers (Drahorád)

The first effect of Raxil dressings is at first indicated by more intensive roots development. After sprouting the creation of floss on roots is more intense and consequently a stronger root system is created which has a positive effect on the above-ground-parts of plants.

As a result leaves are shorter, wider and the distance between roots and leaves is shorter . As a consequence plants are nearer to the ground i.e. they have status of successfully over-wintering plants

Experience with Using Cukrovital K 400 Last Year in Sugar Beet Growths (Svoboda)

Like nitrogen (N), also potassium (K) has a great physiological effect on the activity of enzymes that play a part in sugar metabolism. Potassium also activates transport of assimilates from leaves to reproductive organs. The preparation called Cukrovital K 400 offers one of the possibilities to encourage physiological processes connected with potassium.

Mechanization Means for Dressing of Seeds for Sawing and Conditions for Their Usage (Harašta)

Technical and technological requirements that means of mechanization for plant protection must meet are determined in the Law no. 326/2004 on medical care for plants and on modifications of the corresponding regulations of the Collection of Laws, (below only „Law“) and in the implementary regulation The Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic no 334/2004 of the Collection of Laws., on mechanization means for plant protection.