English summary 7/2005

Perennial dicotyledonous weeds on arable land (Mikulka, Kneifelová)

It has been possible to monitor the gradual increase of the perennial weeds occurrence on arable land already from the beginning of the nineties. There are many causations but the most important one is especially failure in the soil cultivation and agricultural technology, failure to rules of rotation of crops and decrease of herbicides usage.

Dwarfism in Cereals Caused by Viruses (Gall)

Dwarfism caused by viruses resulted in more serious damage in winter cereals than that caused by fungal diseases. Harmful symptoms of diseases caused by viruses were found in some locations, but to some degree all growths of winter barley and winter wheat , which were sown according to location from 3th to 10th October 2001, were attacked.

Recommendation of methods for controlling occurrence of diseases, which are transferable by grains, with special respect to the Tilletia genus (Prokinová, Váňová)

We expect a brief finish of the project NAZV (QC 1264; 20012004), the part that affects the occurrence of the Tilletia genus blight on winter wheat and the possibility to lower its occurrence. All results achieved in each phase of the project during the whole solution were summarized and evaluated.

Sunflower diseases (Kudlíková, Šárová, Veverka)

The sunflower acreage showed a tendency of the long-term increase during the last ten years. The situation is not and will not be as critical as of winter rape, where the increase of acreage above the bearing capacity enforced an intensive chemical protection.

Protection of sugar-beet against diseases (Spitzer)

Leaf diseases on sugar-beet became a very big problem in growing of sugar-beet at the end of the nineties in the last century. Though the solution were found very quickly, due to the epidemy in 1998 the producers could see for themselves what the Cercospora beticola can do. Thanks to that the problem with leaf diseases seems to be solved for now.

The most important strawberry plant pests (Muška)

The strawberry plant is a very significant plant in the Czech Republic not only for large-scale producers but it is also grown in gardens of small-scale producers. The important element that effects the complete crop quality are pests.

Honey bees assure crops of the gardening entomophilous (Přidal)

In the introduction it is necessary to specify the terms “pollinator” and “pollinizer”. Both terms are correct and it is possible to use them for bees as for creatures doing pollination. The confusion starts when the dealing is not only about pollinators, but also about pollinizer, which means the plant species (cultivars), where their pollen is able to pollinate also some other species that usually pollinate themselves unsatisfactory or not at all (so called auto-incompatibility).

Forest pests (7) Bright marble tortrix and other forestry important kinds of Tortricidae (Liška)

Tortricidae belongs to the richest species of butterflies (in the Czech Republic this family is represented only by less than 500 species). From the forest point of view this family is quite important because only a small amount from the total number of the species has effect, respectively can have effect, on the forest tree species damage.

Species registered after crop in 2004 (Horáková)

The assortment of species registered in the National species register has widen about two multiserial species of winter barley Campill and Nives, doubleserial species of winter wheat Barroko and two species Biscay and Heroldo not suitable for usage in bakery.

Optimization of mineral fertilizer dosis with respect to the existence of the space and time variability of the ground agrochemical nature (Štípek)

New technologies that use an advance computer technology, the satellite navigation instrument GPS and the geographic information system GIS, which are the part of the so called precision farming, can, using an adequate geostatic methods, exactly monitor the occurrence of the ground agrochemical nature irregularity, from which the fertilization by phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and PH regulation is derived.

Sodium, chlorine and silicon useful elements for plants (Torma)

To the useful elements it is possible to classify such elements that we analytically appoint in the plant system. Up to now we do not know their intention in nutrition or we just suppose it. There are especially sodium, chlorine and silicon that belongs in here.

Seeding and the basic treatment of rape in 2005/06 (Vašák, Mikšík, Bečka)

The rape acreage has decreased due to the loss of profitability. The average crop of seeds is only 2,64 tons per hectare during the last six years. In August the farm price is 6 136 Czk per ton on an average, the income is 16 039 Czk per hectare and the expenses including overhead costs are 17 453 Czk per hectare. The result of growing is a loss of 1 414 Czk per hectare. If there is some other plant instead of rape, which would be economically more effective, with the same excellent characteristics in the seeding process, rape would disappear from fields in the Czech republic and the whole Europe.

The effect of nontraditional technological processes in the sugar-beet growing for the ground burdening in penetrometric gaining (Žák)

The important and danger phenomenon in development of the soil fertility on the intensive soil tilth is a critical increase of the ground burdening, which leads to the unbalance in the reproduction part of the soil processes. It is very close with changes of physical and technological characteristic of the soil chemistry and biology.

The green pea crop production depending on the climatic influences and the soil tilth (Candráková)

Legumes are very important group of growing plants. The production process of leguminous plants depends a lot on the climatic influences in every single vegetation season. During the time of blooming and ripening they are very sensitive on the atmosphere conditions, what becomes evident on the variability of crop-production elements, which regulation is very low. From legumes produced in Slovakia it is green pea that takes the biggest acreage.

The term specification of the meadow-clover first mowing using a sum of effective temperatures (Kalista, Hakl, Šantrůček)

Meadow-clover together with purple medic rank among our two the most important clovers growing on arable land. At present time meadow-clover is grown on the acreage of about 60 thousand hectares with an average crops between 7-7,5 tons of hay from one hectare. It provides a high-quality protean pasturage containing 16-19% of nitrogen agents. It is also very important due to its excellent pre-production value.

Estimation of phenology-agricultural coefficients for assorted species of white mustard and jointing sleeve during the spring seeding (Hermuth, Dvořáček)

Intermediate crops becomes a grateful doping title in the Czech Republic. It is possible to find its positive aspects especially in decreasing of above ground level water run-off, in protection against soil erosion and in lowering of nutrient elution from grounds to the underground water.

Evaluation of evapo-transpiration demands of selected locations in the Czech Republic during the years from 2000 to 2004 (Pivec, Brant)

Evapo-transpiration demands of the atmospheric layer adjacent to the surface of the Earth are one of the most important aspects of the location humidity ratios in the vegetation season both artificial and natural.