English Summary Agro - 3/2005

Condition of the Crop (Fiala)

This article is about classification of the crop condition in 2004 and its vitality for hibernation in 2005. The base of the winter cereals and the rape high crops in 2004 was in good hibernation influenced by a favourable weather during the winter months. Even though the rape and cereal crops were unbalanced, gappy and in bad condition before hibernation, they turned to be much better (balanced and more dense) during the winter season. During the December 2003 almost all crops were covered by snow.

Project Fungicides 2004 (Dostál)

Last year was from the point of view extraordinary. But not everybody reached these results. They were especially firms that completely managed raising technologies. They did not put their concentration only to a good herbicide protection but primarily to effective use of the raising regulators, to nutritive equilibrium and to quality and purposeful fungicide protection.

Plant protection callendar recommendation for March and April (Gall)

Winter wheat is mostly in the full sprouting stadium. The weaker crops must be fertilized as soon as possible and the sprouting may be appropriately supported by the raising regulator treatment. On the oil-seed rape crops not treated by fungicides there is a weak or an average occurrence of Phoma lingam. After the crop inspection it will be important both prompt fertilizing and fungicide treatment of the infested crops.

Weed regulation in the spring oil plants (Mikulka)

The oil plant areas are not large but still such plants have their specific place. Especially a demand after sunflowers is still growing. Such plants growing technologies are thoroughly formulated. The problem of these plants growing is a high weed infestation, which is usually evoked by inefficiency in an agricultural technology and using of herbicides.

Plant invasion in the open country (3) (Holec)

In this continued part we will focus on such kinds of species that are broadening very intensively, they can occupy indigenous species sites and create pure crops, however their broadening and negative influence on ecosystems are not so substantial all in all they are just small “foot passengers” but all together they create stress on natural associations and together with before already mentioned most important kinds of species they make such plant invasions to be what they really are.

Protection of the cultivated flax crops against weeds (Vaculík)

Weeds are very dangerous elements for cultivated flax because they strongly compete with the flax in receiving of nutrition and soil moisture. Simultaneously they conduce to flax diseases, deteriorate conditions pro mechanized harvest, impair the flax stalk and fibre crop, raise the seed waste during the harvest and particularly impair or damage the long fibre and tow quality.

Tomigan 250 EC + Granstar 75 WG overwhelming combination in effectiveness and selectivity (Svoboda)

Tomigan 250 EC is a selective herbicide preparation designed for post-emergence killing of dicotyledonous weeds in all cereals. This herbicide contains a very effective substance fluroxypyre (250 g/l), which gets into plants through leafs, where it is quickly distributed by conducting tissue to the other parts of the plant. The impact of the Tomigan 250 EC preparation in sensitive dicotyledonous weeds shows up within a few hours after the application.

Interesting consequences of the application of the Monitor preparation reduced potions against wheat grass (Matuš)

It was already written and said a lot about the Monitor preparation and its usage against weeds. The most often appreciated property is the capability of its impact on small and also on overgrown Apera spica-venti, furthermore its effectiveness on unfavourable conditions, mainly in dry weather. During the time the knowledge of the application on Elytrigia repens becomes a bit forgotten. Withal the application against it was the original registration of this preparation.

Lintur 70 WG an optimal solution for non-weeded cereals (Vašek)

The popularity of the Lintur 70 WG herbicide usage as an aid for economical weed killing in the spring application for all kinds of cereals is growing. The agriculture practice welcomed especially its significant price reduction during last years, which Lintur 70 WG herbicide enabled to become a solution with an excellent usage and price ratio. The coppers appreciate this fact by using it in more and more large acreage.

Racer 25 EC herbicide quality to sunflowers and corns (Procházka)

Herbicide action is one of few possibilities to eliminate weeds in the arable crops growth. However chemical preparation usage should be followed up by other steps in the whole plant protection system starting with the applicable cropping pattern, agricultural technology and using of all ways of weed killing.

Herbicide protection of sugar beet (Kulhánek)

Only non-weeded seedling cover of sugar beet is able to give an appropriate crop of roots. Therefore it is necessary to conform to this result all cultivation activity during the growing season, starting with the soil cultivation, setting of the seedling cover and following with the weed killing, whether mechanical or chemical way.

Profit use of the intermediate crop grant title (Matuš)

In the second half of last year agricultural plants registered to the intermediate crop grant title nearly 250 000 hectares of acreage. The main reason for this big interest is the attractive grant, which is 4500 CZK/ha. There is nothing to be wondered at. On the first point of view the economic of intermediate crop seeding looks good. The intermediate crop seeding is quite cheap operation. With reasonable number of operations (stubble ploughing and seeding) and choosing of field mustard or phacelia, it is possible to seed the intermediate crop with the costs about 1200 1500 CZK/ha.

Wheat immunity against mildew (1) General aspects of the resistance in term of cultivation (Hanzalová)

Resistance is the host ability to restrain or slow down the pathogen activity. It may have many different forms. The host resistance is a quantitative nature and the best it is defined by relation to the pathogen virulence. When the pathogens come to contact with different kinds of hosts, not causing a disease, then the expressed type of resistance is being called a non-host resistance.

Tritikale choose especially resistant species (DLZ)

A few years ago the tritikale was regard as a healthy option relating to the other wheat species and it was normal to use no fungicides, or just a little, for the crop treatment. In the meantime there were leaf diseases that came into the action, according to the disposition of species and the course of the year.

Lettuce diseases (Rod)

There are a few diseases and nutritional disorders develop on the lettuce plants, which significantly reduce its quality and also suitability of the produce. The most often it is possible to see the lettuce blight, rot off the lettuce, the margin necrosis, which is caused by deficiency in calcium, and on the irrigated land there can be seen the symptoms of salinization of the soil.

New generation Acanto - strobilurin for the early application (Bašta)

The crucial factor for the wheat healthy development is its fungicide protection already in the early development phases. Only such treated crops are created by vital and healthy plants that have a massive root system, strong stalks and healthy streamer leafs. That means there are premises important for applying their biological potential.

Using the Alert S preparation for the wheat (Schmiedel)

At present time intensive winter wheat growing is unthinkable without protection against spongy diseases. It is possible to notice specific changes in the diseases occurrence because their occurrence is indisputably linked to the growing location, the course of the weather, the choice of susceptible or resistant soil, the agricultural technology, the nutrition and other elements.

Stenocarus ruficornis poppy seed parasite (Bittner)

During last few years Stenocarus ruficornis belongs to significant poppy seed parasites, which it is important to make protection against. There exist two kinds of damage: the full-grown bugs feed on new plants and that causes a waste of such plants in the early phases of the poppy seed crop development. With respect to a high malignancy there were adopted insecticide dressing of the poppy seeds.

Neoglycianus macula-alba poppy seed parasite (Bittner)

Neoglycianus macula-alba belongs to regular poppy seed parasites. But its malignancy is not still exactly analyzed. However its malignancy is not that significant as of the poppy ceutorrhnyus beetle. If it is important to use a chemical protection, the suitable time is before blooming in the phase of the bud hooking against the full-grown and by permitted insecticides.

Ostrinia nubilalis deserves your attention damages, biology and protection (Holý)

Ostrinia nubilalis represents a considerable threat of the crop decreasing mainly for the corn croppers. By the influence of the carcinogenic mycotoxins production created by fungus, which infest damaged plants, it is also a danger for a maize grown for silage. Next to the chemical control it is also possible to use a biological control against this parasite.

Biotechnology comes to the Czech Republic (Grepl)

We talk about agricultural biotechnology products, which are also very often named as genetically modified or transgenic crops, on our pages very often. We asked Mr Luboš Grepl, general manager of Monsanto for middle Europe, about using of these crops in conditions of European agronomy and what is their part in the company activity.

Phosphor so important element in the ground (Torma)

Phosphor belongs to the three most important elements in the plant nutrition and has a big role in the plant development and growing. First of all it is an important regulator of energy balance because it has the ability to generate chemical compounds with a big energy supply that is released during its hydrolysis. Phosphor participates in the processes of CO2 transformation that are the material and energetic requirement for the existence of fauna on the Earth.

Optimalization of the mineral fertilizers potion with respect to the existence of the space and time variability of the land agrochemical nature (Štípek)

New technologies that use a modern computer technology, GPS satellite navigation devices and Geographic Information System GIS, and that are included in the so-called precision farming system, are able to monitor the existence of the space irregularity of the land agrochemical nature, where the fertilizing by phosphor, potassium, magnesium and pH processing is derived from, with using sufficient geostatic methods.

Spring nutrition of the oil-seed rape (Baierová)

The regular spring fertilizing of the field crops belongs to the basic plant growing treatment. It makes the crops stronger, especially the winter crop, after the winter season, when the vegetation was suppressed and the uptake of nutrients was also very law. The first fertilization should be done when the weather gets warmer, so it is possible to notice a vegetation move on the crops.

Grassland nutrition and fertilization (Veselá)

The level of the plant nutrition decidedly affects using of the grassland biological potential. In the grassland nutrition we have to keep the rule regularly to return the same amount of the absorbed nutrients. The botanical composition of stands is the reflection of the site condition complex and anthropogenic activity.

Does it worth to deal with the microelement fertilization? (Sláma)

Official data about the mineral fertilizer consumption and the consumption of the NPKCaMg clear nutrition on a hectare, whether the data source is ČSÚ or MZe ČR, show quite unflattering situation of the farm crop nutrition on acreage. During the first few years after 2000 it looked that their consumption will grow up, but if it really does, then the rise is very careful. So does it worth to deal with the microelement fertilization when the present level of the fertilization with main nutrients is often very poor?

Regulators of the cereal growing (Růžička)

The reserve for the agricultural crops rising is the maximum usage of their earning potential. It is possible to interfere in the plant physiological processes from outside by applying synthetically made growth regulators, also natural substances are possible, and so affect the plant control systems in the desired direction, which also means in the direction to affect the production of the earning elements.

Spring barley in 2004 (2) (Černý)

In the next contribution you can meet up with the results of the renewal growing technology research for the spring barley in comparison with two different years 2003 and 2004. This contribution is about possibilities to use stimulators and growth morpho-regulators, fungicides and the complete comparison of the testing technologies.

The regulation systems of the crop and the quality of the spring barley grain (Černý)

Regulators belong to the elements that can fundamentally affect the crop and the quality of the spring barley grain. For the crop concentration and the root compensation of the spring barley there are available two preparations at present: Rexan and Sunagreen. For the increment of the grain quality and crop there are mentioned three preparations: Atonik Pro, Rexan and Sunagreen.

The major cause analysis of the lower soya bean crops during the last year in our country (Štranc)

The year 2004 was not very successful from the point of view of soya bean growing. The crops were mostly from 1,1 to 1,8 t/ha. Also firms, which their crops achieved 2,5 t/ha on larger areas, were not exceptions, and it was without using of the artificial irrigation.

The crop results summary of the semiproduction species tests in 2004 (Štranc)

Last year the Czech Agrarian University in Prague together with the company ORIN opened the project “Sója 2004” (Soya 2004) that will, in respect of the producer enormous interest, continue this year too. The producers could visit the field days “Sója 2004” at three locations in the Czech Republic. We will inform you about integrated results in this contribution.

Knowledge about the soya growing in Slovakia (Candráková)

Soya, with its composition and unique possibilities, takes a significant place not only in the people nutrition but also in nutrition of the livestock. In Slovakia they were tested the effect of the used species, the seed amount, the grain inoculation and the fertilization on the growing plants in 2004.

Sugar beet agricultural technology and the growing experiences in Slovakia (Žák)

Intensification of the sugar beet growing in Slovakia become evident in decreasing of the area required for producing 1 ton of sugar. In 1993 the area required for producing this amount of sugar was 0,23 ha but in 2003 the area of 0,16 ha was enough to produce the same amount. It means that, with keeping of quite the same area, the production of white sugar increased about 32%.

The growing and the problems of mustard (Vašák)

Many people look on mustard wrongly as on a second-rate and modest crop useful in all conditions. Therefore the crops and the quality seesaw a lot. It is hold generally that if the basic guides for regionalization and growing are kept, it is possible to increase the mustard crops the most easily and the cheapest way at least about 50%, it is about 1,5-2 t/ha of seeds.

To create a superior sunflower crop the significant step to the success (Málek)

During last few years sunflower with its big production strengthens its important second place in oil plants (for the oil processing) after the winter rape. According to the provisional estimates at the present marketing year (2004/05) the all world production of the sunflower samaras should reach the volume about 25,02 mil. tons, which is a production decrease about 1,92 mil. tons compare to the same period of the last marketing year 2003/04.

Hop cut 2 (Štranc)

At present time the hop cut is fully mechanized. There are used topping discs, which cut the hop plants only by horizontal cut in the same deep and on the continuous ride of the machine in the direction of the hop plant lines. It cut especially annual plants; a part of the underground horizontal stock organs is kept connected with the sticker.

Biological effects of the Atonik Pro plant stimulator application (Babuška)

Many croppers know and use Atonik Pro especially to support the spring recovery of the winter crops, increase the anti-stress plant immunity and fasten the plant recovery after damage. The treated plants are able to respond more quickly to adverse influences and to recover more quickly after damage. The recovery potion 0,2 l/ha of Atonik Pro is deemed as a standard potion in the winter rape in the green leaf rose season during the start of the draw growing.

The weather in 2004 (Pivec)

The last year data analysis, which were assumed from the data on the Czech Hydro-meteorology Institute web pages, show, for almost during the whole year, the positive average anomaly in the monthly air temperatures from the normal (it means the period of the years 1961-90) on the majority of all 22 analyzed stations, the most in February (+1,7 °C), in April (+1,7 °C) and in August (+2 °C).

The electronic business in the agronomy fiction or the opportunity? (Milata)

In the previous part I named the major sectors where the electronic business had expanded during the last years. The agronomy still does not belong to the typical cases of a wide Internet usage but there is number of successful activities, which will be followed soon.