English Summary Agro - 5/2005

Late weed infestation problem (Mikulka, Kneifelová)

Within last few years the problem of late weeds infestation, especially of wide-slugged crop-plants, is more and more important. But the late weeds infestation also becomes very often a problem in spring densely sown crop plants as for example spring-corns.

Ear of grain diseases (Prokinová)

In the Czech Republic there are cereal areas approximately between 14 000 16 000 thousands of hectares in last few years, where winter wheat is about 60%. Areas with winter-rye and triticosecale are growing. For plant diseases there is an empirically verifiable fact that together with growing areas of a single crop-plant there are increasing also phytopathological problems.

Ill effects of late blight (phytophora fungus) and a protection strategy against the disease (Hausvater)

Late blight, under favourable conditions to its spreading, can literally decimate crops of potatoes. There are only two ways how to protect them. The first option “for sure” is to apply fungicides regardless of the actual state; the second option is to react to the actual situation of the infection pressure.

Fungicide protection of spring barley as an integral part of growing technology (Bezdíčková)

Spring barley is, in respect to a very short vegetation period, a very sensitive crop-plant and it responds to every deficiency in growing technology by the crop decreasing. Only a sound plant-cover with operating assimilation apparatus can fully use every other intensification entries and provide an expectably high crop with required quality parameters.

Soya-beans white rot (Mižík)

A pathogenic agent of this disease is a sponge Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is known as a white rot pathogenic agent especially with rapes and sunflowers in our country. During last years this pathogen did not create any problems in the Soya-beans crops.

Apple scab resistance to DMI and strobilurin fungicides in the apple trees protection against the apple scab (Lánský)

The most serious sponge apple tree disease is the apple scab, where its pathogenic agent is a sac fungus called Venturia inaequalisCke. Aderh., imperfect stage of Spilocaea pomi. The protection against the apple scab belongs to the most important and financially to very expensive measurements.

The research results of the corn leaf beetle (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) and Helicoverpa armigera (Heliothisarmigera) occurrence and spreading from the Southern Moravia (Vahala)

The State Phytosanitary Administration (SPA) made again a regular survey of the corn leaf beetle Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, 1868 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) occurrence and spreading in all regions of the Southern Moravia.

Protection possibilities against the poppy ceutorrhnyus beetle (Stenocarus ruficornis) (Cihlář)

The poppy ceutorrhnyus beetle is a very serious pest, which is a danger for the poppy planters. Not only it can decrease the crop, but, in case of outbreak, it can completely damage the poppy crop. The most effective protection is, as it looks, a seed treatment and one well-timed insecticide impact.

The most important pests of beans, lentils and Soya-beans (Muška)

Leguminous plants are very important part of seeding processes. Next to peas, about which pests there was an essay in the previous issue, the most often grown leguminous plants are beans and lentils and, during last few years, also Soya-beans.

Significant pests of leguminous plants (Seidenglanz)

The every year occurring pest of peas is pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The occurrence and importance of other, also very important, pea pests (pea beetle of the Sitona family, tortricid pea leaf roller, pea weevil, pea thrips) depend quite much on a number of factors.

Potatoes treatment against pests (Rasocha)

The potato pests can harm by aspiration and simultaneously they can transfer the virus diseases. The significant damages are damages of tops and tubers by ravage and the possibility to transfer the fungus and bacterial diseases.

Ill effects of Aceria carvi (Zemková-Rovenská)

The Czech Republic belongs to the tradition growing areas of caraway, which is one of the oldest season and medicinal herbs in our region. From an initially tangential crop-plant it turned to be economically a very interesting commodity, which is getting to be also a good export article.

Forest pests (5), gipsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) a danger pest in broad-leaf forests (Švestka)

A gipsy moth is a butterfly from the tussock moths family (Lymantriidae), which includes many kinds that significantly make damages in forestry practice and agriculture. There are for example gypsy moth, brown-tail moth, pale tussock moth and others. Next to chemical substances it is also possible to use biological preparations to reduce them.

The leaf nutrition of sugar beet and the possibility to use it in the range of the growing technology (Urban)

More and more often we discover by inorganic analysis the objective proofs that the cultivated plant crops (means also sugar beet) are limited by the level decrease of the one or another one element. Any nutrition, if there is not enough of it, reduce the receiving also of all other nutritions, which means that it limits reaching of better crops and good quality.

Soya-beans nutrition and fertilization (Štranc)

The productivity potential of every plant (crop-plant) is given by its intrinsic value, that means its nature and physiological state. Then its realisation is significantly influenced by objectively existing state of an external environment, respectively by agro-ecological conditions of the given site and growing technology.

There are no green plants without magnesium (Torma)

Magnesium belongs to the group of elements that are represented in the earth crust by more than one percentage by weight. It occurs approximately in 105 minerals, especially in silicates, carbonates, sulphates and chlorides.

Nitrate regulation and outlines of good agriculture practice (Klír)

Revision of common agriculture policy stated new rules in the sphere of living environment protection, quality and safety of food and also a livestock ease. According to the regulations of Commission 1782/2003 the necessary condition for direct payments is observance of the specific legal requirements for farming and meeting good agriculture and environmental conditions.

Regulation of the winter rape seasoning and cropping (Vašák)

The prices of winter rape got much better after the decline of oleaginous material crops in South America and the surplus of oleaginous materials is decreasing. Also the prices of glyphosates and other desiccants are getting lower again. It is generally hold that the last minute savings always go at the crop expense. Therefore we should not think whether it is good to regulate the crop, but we should only think how to treat the plant-cover the best to remove imperfections and concurrently to bring in the harvest everything, what has grown with the all-year-round effort.

The effect of unconventional technology procedures on the content of different forms of nitrogen in the ground and on the sugar beet crop and quality (Žák)

Sugar beet is the base material to produce sugar, which is the most important part of the human nourishment or in a direct consumption, or by using of food products. The root quality and sugar content are the most significant factors of performance and the sugar beet quality of technology. Next to the weather conditions and genetic factors it is influenced by many different agriculture technology effects, where the significant part is nutrition.

Bringing the plant protection agents on the market and it usage after the entry of the Czech Republic to the European Union (Minář)

The article is a reaction to the ambiguousness of agriculture public. It is not clear to many planters, whether the regulations about free circulation of goods is applicable for the plant protection agents (hereinafter referred to as “agents”), why it is not possible to use agents, which are registered in Germany or Poland, in the Czech Republic, and many other issues.

Why professional qualification (Řehák)

The professional qualification requirement for using pesticides is not a new legislative restriction at all. It only resumes on the previous periods. There was also initiated a professional qualification for treatment with the plant protection chemical agents by successful passing of an examination according to the Act. 61/1964 of the plant production development and the following regulation 62/1994 of the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water management, the government regulation 56/1967 of poisons and some other deleterious substances.

The corn and sunflower crops and quality factors after the treatment by ATONIK PRO in the year 2004 (Zahradníček)

During last few years the corn growing was stabilized on 210 220 thousand hectares of areas appointed to the silage harvest and about 85 thousand hectares of areas appointed to the grain and LKS harvest. Similarly it is with sunflower, which belongs to the 5 most important oil plants in the world next to the Soya-bean, cottonseed, early almond and rape.