English Summary AGRO č. 8/2005

The Calendar of the crop protection, recommendation for August, September

The greenflies and various kinds of caterpillars continue to be harmful to the crop. If there are frequent rainy showers, the fungi will grow on potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, seed plants, vine a other sensitive crop.

The increasing problems in preserving the crop against weed the autumn application is a part of the regulation system

According to the statistical data, the protection against herbicide in the Czech Republic is realized on all arable land and the percentage of the treated area is higher that 100% every year. The treatment of sugar beet, potato and poppy several times during the vegetation is taken for granted. The reason for this lies in their low capacity to compete, in particular, at the early stage of their growth, but also in the fact that, when it comes to the end of the vegetation, the residual effects of some substances fade away.

The choice of herbicide for the autumn crop protection

In the coming season, the farmers are going to make decision on the best herbicide to be used for the winter wheat. To find out their criteria for these decision would be very interesting. The point being, how many of them prefer the professional attitude and how many of them only follow the price of the treatment. I believe the majority takes both aspects into account: relevant validity and financial optimum.

How to suppress couch-grass on the arable land

The couch-grass (Elytrigia repens) has become a serious problem in our fields and gardens, and the methods to fight it are more and more of an interest. There are lots of opportunities to suppress it in the summer season, particularly, when the crop is either the spring one or the root crop.

The weed beet has harmful effects

The constant negative phenomenon of the summer months is the weed beet. The point is especially pressing this year, 2005, when many weed beets have appeared. Therefore, it is really necessary to pay attention to them and destroy them as soon as possible in the area of beets.

The oil-seed rape pests in the autumn

The oil-seed rape is a crop that seems very attractive to various pests. In the autumn there are notoriously known pests of Phyllotreta flea beetle, Psyliodes - sawfly, Athalia Rosae and Ceutorhynchus genus. The caterpillars of Agrotis segetum can also wreak havoc on crops in some areas. Last years there also have been some damage from the caterpillar of Delia radicum, particularly, during the rainy weather and increased humidity.

The oil-seed rape pests in the autumn and their regulation

As the span between sowing and harvesting lasts about a year, the autumn pests, that are present in the crops only for a short span of time, can influence the growth and the development of the crop for the long course of time.

The onion, garlic and leek pests

The onion is a traditional kind of vegetable in the Czech Republic. However, there has been a considerable decline in the harvest area of this vegetable lately. In 1999 it was 6 017 ha and by 2003 it dropped on 3 527 ha. The similar development of the harvest area appears also in garlic and leek. The special requirements are also made about the quality of the production of the vegetable mentioned above. The basic condition in the pursuit of meeting these requirements is the protection against pests.

The forests pests (8) Cephalcia abietis

Another prominent species of the forest pest falls into the order of pellicle-winged insects. There are about 10 kinds of the pest of Cephalcia genus and most of them can live on the spruce. These species are not recognized easily and it is hard to tell them apart, but still their bionomic differs. The most prominent among them is the one living on the spruce.

The mineral micro-elements the elements are important regardless of their number

Besides macro-elements playing their role in the crop nutrition, the nutrients like Mn, B, Cu, Zn and others are also important in the harvest and the quality. The amount of these elements ranges from one thousandth to one hundredth % and that is the main reason for calling them micro-elements.

The kohlrabi pre-crops for the winter wheat

The kohlrabies are, according to the present knowledge, excellent pre-corps for the wheat. With the grant of NAZV at ČZV we could deal with the effects of kohlrabi crops and their remnants after the harvest on the winter wheat sowed after the harvest (with a particular focus on the welfare and yield)

The germination of the oil-seed rape

The oil-seed rape is a typical long day plant and its vegetation period in our environment ends in the 1st half of the summer before the beginning of high temperature and drought. Therefore, its productivity and yield are not limited by summer anticyclones as it is the case with other crops.

The comparison of standard and minimalization technology for growing the winter wheat in the plant ZD Opařany

To achieve the most effective vegetal production, it is necessary to check all agronomic, technical and economical measures, that is, the station conditions, growth technology and the plant management in relation to the capacity of the vegetal production.